kernel/locking/rwsem-xadd.c

/* rwsem.c: R/W semaphores: contention handling functions
 *
 * Written by David Howells (dhowells@redhat.com).
 * Derived from arch/i386/kernel/semaphore.c
 *
 * Writer lock-stealing by Alex Shi <alex.shi@intel.com>
 * and Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com>
 */
#include <linux/rwsem.h>
#include <linux/sched.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/export.h>

/*
 * Guide to the rw_semaphore's count field for common values.
 * (32-bit case illustrated, similar for 64-bit)
 *
 * 0x0000000X	(1) X readers active or attempting lock, no writer waiting
 *		    X = #active_readers + #readers attempting to lock
 *		    (X*ACTIVE_BIAS)
 *
 * 0x00000000	rwsem is unlocked, and no one is waiting for the lock or
 *		attempting to read lock or write lock.
 *
 * 0xffff000X	(1) X readers active or attempting lock, with waiters for lock
 *		    X = #active readers + # readers attempting lock
 *		    (X*ACTIVE_BIAS + WAITING_BIAS)
 *		(2) 1 writer attempting lock, no waiters for lock
 *		    X-1 = #active readers + #readers attempting lock
 *		    ((X-1)*ACTIVE_BIAS + ACTIVE_WRITE_BIAS)
 *		(3) 1 writer active, no waiters for lock
 *		    X-1 = #active readers + #readers attempting lock
 *		    ((X-1)*ACTIVE_BIAS + ACTIVE_WRITE_BIAS)
 *
 * 0xffff0001	(1) 1 reader active or attempting lock, waiters for lock
 *		    (WAITING_BIAS + ACTIVE_BIAS)
 *		(2) 1 writer active or attempting lock, no waiters for lock
 *		    (ACTIVE_WRITE_BIAS)
 *
 * 0xffff0000	(1) There are writers or readers queued but none active
 *		    or in the process of attempting lock.
 *		    (WAITING_BIAS)
 *		Note: writer can attempt to steal lock for this count by adding
 *		ACTIVE_WRITE_BIAS in cmpxchg and checking the old count
 *
 * 0xfffe0001	(1) 1 writer active, or attempting lock. Waiters on queue.
 *		    (ACTIVE_WRITE_BIAS + WAITING_BIAS)
 *
 * Note: Readers attempt to lock by adding ACTIVE_BIAS in down_read and checking
 *	 the count becomes more than 0 for successful lock acquisition,
 *	 i.e. the case where there are only readers or nobody has lock.
 *	 (1st and 2nd case above).
 *
 *	 Writers attempt to lock by adding ACTIVE_WRITE_BIAS in down_write and
 *	 checking the count becomes ACTIVE_WRITE_BIAS for successful lock
 *	 acquisition (i.e. nobody else has lock or attempts lock).  If
 *	 unsuccessful, in rwsem_down_write_failed, we'll check to see if there
 *	 are only waiters but none active (5th case above), and attempt to
 *	 steal the lock.
 *
 */

/*
 * Initialize an rwsem:
 */
void __init_rwsem(struct rw_semaphore *sem, const char *name,
		  struct lock_class_key *key)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_LOCK_ALLOC
	/*
	 * Make sure we are not reinitializing a held semaphore:
	 */
	debug_check_no_locks_freed((void *)sem, sizeof(*sem));
	lockdep_init_map(&sem->dep_map, name, key, 0);
#endif
	sem->count = RWSEM_UNLOCKED_VALUE;
	raw_spin_lock_init(&sem->wait_lock);
	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&sem->wait_list);
}

EXPORT_SYMBOL(__init_rwsem);

enum rwsem_waiter_type {
	RWSEM_WAITING_FOR_WRITE,
	RWSEM_WAITING_FOR_READ
};

struct rwsem_waiter {
	struct list_head list;
	struct task_struct *task;
	enum rwsem_waiter_type type;
};

enum rwsem_wake_type {
	RWSEM_WAKE_ANY,		/* Wake whatever's at head of wait list */
	RWSEM_WAKE_READERS,	/* Wake readers only */
	RWSEM_WAKE_READ_OWNED	/* Waker thread holds the read lock */
};

/*
 * handle the lock release when processes blocked on it that can now run
 * - if we come here from up_xxxx(), then:
 *   - the 'active part' of count (&0x0000ffff) reached 0 (but may have changed)
 *   - the 'waiting part' of count (&0xffff0000) is -ve (and will still be so)
 * - there must be someone on the queue
 * - the spinlock must be held by the caller
 * - woken process blocks are discarded from the list after having task zeroed
 * - writers are only woken if downgrading is false
 */
static struct rw_semaphore *
__rwsem_do_wake(struct rw_semaphore *sem, enum rwsem_wake_type wake_type)
{
	struct rwsem_waiter *waiter;
	struct task_struct *tsk;
	struct list_head *next;
	long oldcount, woken, loop, adjustment;

	waiter = list_entry(sem->wait_list.next, struct rwsem_waiter, list);
	if (waiter->type == RWSEM_WAITING_FOR_WRITE) {
		if (wake_type == RWSEM_WAKE_ANY)
			/* Wake writer at the front of the queue, but do not
			 * grant it the lock yet as we want other writers
			 * to be able to steal it.  Readers, on the other hand,
			 * will block as they will notice the queued writer.
			 */
			wake_up_process(waiter->task);
		goto out;
	}

	/* Writers might steal the lock before we grant it to the next reader.
	 * We prefer to do the first reader grant before counting readers
	 * so we can bail out early if a writer stole the lock.
	 */
	adjustment = 0;
	if (wake_type != RWSEM_WAKE_READ_OWNED) {
		adjustment = RWSEM_ACTIVE_READ_BIAS;
 try_reader_grant:
		oldcount = rwsem_atomic_update(adjustment, sem) - adjustment;
		if (unlikely(oldcount < RWSEM_WAITING_BIAS)) {
			/* A writer stole the lock. Undo our reader grant. */
			if (rwsem_atomic_update(-adjustment, sem) &
						RWSEM_ACTIVE_MASK)
				goto out;
			/* Last active locker left. Retry waking readers. */
			goto try_reader_grant;
		}
	}

	/* Grant an infinite number of read locks to the readers at the front
	 * of the queue.  Note we increment the 'active part' of the count by
	 * the number of readers before waking any processes up.
	 */
	woken = 0;
	do {
		woken++;

		if (waiter->list.next == &sem->wait_list)
			break;

		waiter = list_entry(waiter->list.next,
					struct rwsem_waiter, list);

	} while (waiter->type != RWSEM_WAITING_FOR_WRITE);

	adjustment = woken * RWSEM_ACTIVE_READ_BIAS - adjustment;
	if (waiter->type != RWSEM_WAITING_FOR_WRITE)
		/* hit end of list above */
		adjustment -= RWSEM_WAITING_BIAS;

	if (adjustment)
		rwsem_atomic_add(adjustment, sem);

	next = sem->wait_list.next;
	loop = woken;
	do {
		waiter = list_entry(next, struct rwsem_waiter, list);
		next = waiter->list.next;
		tsk = waiter->task;
		smp_mb();
		waiter->task = NULL;
		wake_up_process(tsk);
		put_task_struct(tsk);
	} while (--loop);

	sem->wait_list.next = next;
	next->prev = &sem->wait_list;

 out:
	return sem;
}

/*
 * wait for the read lock to be granted
 */
__visible
struct rw_semaphore __sched *rwsem_down_read_failed(struct rw_semaphore *sem)
{
	long count, adjustment = -RWSEM_ACTIVE_READ_BIAS;
	struct rwsem_waiter waiter;
	struct task_struct *tsk = current;

	/* set up my own style of waitqueue */
	waiter.task = tsk;
	waiter.type = RWSEM_WAITING_FOR_READ;
	get_task_struct(tsk);

	raw_spin_lock_irq(&sem->wait_lock);
	if (list_empty(&sem->wait_list))
		adjustment += RWSEM_WAITING_BIAS;
	list_add_tail(&waiter.list, &sem->wait_list);

	/* we're now waiting on the lock, but no longer actively locking */
	count = rwsem_atomic_update(adjustment, sem);

	/* If there are no active locks, wake the front queued process(es).
	 *
	 * If there are no writers and we are first in the queue,
	 * wake our own waiter to join the existing active readers !
	 */
	if (count == RWSEM_WAITING_BIAS ||
	    (count > RWSEM_WAITING_BIAS &&
	     adjustment != -RWSEM_ACTIVE_READ_BIAS))
		sem = __rwsem_do_wake(sem, RWSEM_WAKE_ANY);

	raw_spin_unlock_irq(&sem->wait_lock);

	/* wait to be given the lock */
	while (true) {
		set_task_state(tsk, TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE);
		if (!waiter.task)
			break;
		schedule();
	}

	tsk->state = TASK_RUNNING;

	return sem;
}

/*
 * wait until we successfully acquire the write lock
 */
__visible
struct rw_semaphore __sched *rwsem_down_write_failed(struct rw_semaphore *sem)
{
	long count, adjustment = -RWSEM_ACTIVE_WRITE_BIAS;
	struct rwsem_waiter waiter;
	struct task_struct *tsk = current;

	/* set up my own style of waitqueue */
	waiter.task = tsk;
	waiter.type = RWSEM_WAITING_FOR_WRITE;

	raw_spin_lock_irq(&sem->wait_lock);
	if (list_empty(&sem->wait_list))
		adjustment += RWSEM_WAITING_BIAS;
	list_add_tail(&waiter.list, &sem->wait_list);

	/* we're now waiting on the lock, but no longer actively locking */
	count = rwsem_atomic_update(adjustment, sem);

	/* If there were already threads queued before us and there are no
	 * active writers, the lock must be read owned; so we try to wake
	 * any read locks that were queued ahead of us. */
	if (count > RWSEM_WAITING_BIAS &&
	    adjustment == -RWSEM_ACTIVE_WRITE_BIAS)
		sem = __rwsem_do_wake(sem, RWSEM_WAKE_READERS);

	/* wait until we successfully acquire the lock */
	set_task_state(tsk, TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE);
	while (true) {
		if (!(count & RWSEM_ACTIVE_MASK)) {
			/* Try acquiring the write lock. */
			count = RWSEM_ACTIVE_WRITE_BIAS;
			if (!list_is_singular(&sem->wait_list))
				count += RWSEM_WAITING_BIAS;

			if (sem->count == RWSEM_WAITING_BIAS &&
			    cmpxchg(&sem->count, RWSEM_WAITING_BIAS, count) ==
							RWSEM_WAITING_BIAS)
				break;
		}

		raw_spin_unlock_irq(&sem->wait_lock);

		/* Block until there are no active lockers. */
		do {
			schedule();
			set_task_state(tsk, TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE);
		} while ((count = sem->count) & RWSEM_ACTIVE_MASK);

		raw_spin_lock_irq(&sem->wait_lock);
	}

	list_del(&waiter.list);
	raw_spin_unlock_irq(&sem->wait_lock);
	tsk->state = TASK_RUNNING;

	return sem;
}

/*
 * handle waking up a waiter on the semaphore
 * - up_read/up_write has decremented the active part of count if we come here
 */
__visible
struct rw_semaphore *rwsem_wake(struct rw_semaphore *sem)
{
	unsigned long flags;

	raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&sem->wait_lock, flags);

	/* do nothing if list empty */
	if (!list_empty(&sem->wait_list))
		sem = __rwsem_do_wake(sem, RWSEM_WAKE_ANY);

	raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&sem->wait_lock, flags);

	return sem;
}

/*
 * downgrade a write lock into a read lock
 * - caller incremented waiting part of count and discovered it still negative
 * - just wake up any readers at the front of the queue
 */
__visible
struct rw_semaphore *rwsem_downgrade_wake(struct rw_semaphore *sem)
{
	unsigned long flags;

	raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&sem->wait_lock, flags);

	/* do nothing if list empty */
	if (!list_empty(&sem->wait_list))
		sem = __rwsem_do_wake(sem, RWSEM_WAKE_READ_OWNED);

	raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&sem->wait_lock, flags);

	return sem;
}

EXPORT_SYMBOL(rwsem_down_read_failed);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(rwsem_down_write_failed);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(rwsem_wake);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(rwsem_downgrade_wake);