Graphs


_DSD
----

_DSD (Device Specific Data) [7] is a predefined ACPI device
configuration object that can be used to convey information on
hardware features which are not specifically covered by the ACPI
specification [1][6]. There are two _DSD extensions that are relevant
for graphs: property [4] and hierarchical data extensions [5]. The
property extension provides generic key-value pairs whereas the
hierarchical data extension supports nodes with references to other
nodes, forming a tree. The nodes in the tree may contain properties as
defined by the property extension. The two extensions together provide
a tree-like structure with zero or more properties (key-value pairs)
in each node of the tree.

The data structure may be accessed at runtime by using the device_*
and fwnode_* functions defined in include/linux/fwnode.h .

Fwnode represents a generic firmware node object. It is independent on
the firmware type. In ACPI, fwnodes are _DSD hierarchical data
extensions objects. A device's _DSD object is represented by an
fwnode.

The data structure may be referenced to elsewhere in the ACPI tables
by using a hard reference to the device itself and an index to the
hierarchical data extension array on each depth.


Ports and endpoints
-------------------

The port and endpoint concepts are very similar to those in Devicetree
[3]. A port represents an interface in a device, and an endpoint
represents a connection to that interface.

All port nodes are located under the device's "_DSD" node in the
hierarchical data extension tree. The property extension related to
each port node must contain the key "port" and an integer value which
is the number of the port. The object it refers to should be called "PRTX",
where "X" is the number of the port.

Further on, endpoints are located under the individual port nodes. The
first hierarchical data extension package list entry of the endpoint
nodes must begin with "endpoint" and must be followed by the number
of the endpoint. The object it refers to should be called "EPXY", where
"X" is the number of the port and "Y" is the number of the endpoint.

Each port node contains a property extension key "port", the value of
which is the number of the port node. The each endpoint is similarly numbered
with a property extension key "endpoint". Port numbers must be unique within a
device and endpoint numbers must be unique within a port.

The endpoint reference uses property extension with "remote-endpoint" property
name followed by a reference in the same package. Such references consist of the
the remote device reference, number of the port in the device and finally the
number of the endpoint in that port. Individual references thus appear as:

    Package() { device, port_number, endpoint_number }

The references to endpoints must be always done both ways, to the
remote endpoint and back from the referred remote endpoint node.

A simple example of this is show below:

    Scope (\_SB.PCI0.I2C2)
    {
	Device (CAM0)
	{
	    Name (_DSD, Package () {
		ToUUID("daffd814-6eba-4d8c-8a91-bc9bbf4aa301"),
		Package () {
		    Package () { "compatible", Package () { "nokia,smia" } },
		},
		ToUUID("dbb8e3e6-5886-4ba6-8795-1319f52a966b"),
		Package () {
		    Package () { "port0", "PRT0" },
		}
	    })
	    Name (PRT0, Package() {
		ToUUID("daffd814-6eba-4d8c-8a91-bc9bbf4aa301"),
		Package () {
		    Package () { "port", 0 },
		},
		ToUUID("dbb8e3e6-5886-4ba6-8795-1319f52a966b"),
		Package () {
		    Package () { "endpoint0", "EP00" },
		}
	    })
	    Name (EP00, Package() {
		ToUUID("daffd814-6eba-4d8c-8a91-bc9bbf4aa301"),
		Package () {
		    Package () { "endpoint", 0 },
		    Package () { "remote-endpoint", Package() { \_SB.PCI0.ISP, 4, 0 } },
		}
	    })
	}
    }

    Scope (\_SB.PCI0)
    {
	Device (ISP)
	{
	    Name (_DSD, Package () {
		ToUUID("dbb8e3e6-5886-4ba6-8795-1319f52a966b"),
		Package () {
		    Package () { "port4", "PRT4" },
		}
	    })

	    Name (PRT4, Package() {
		ToUUID("daffd814-6eba-4d8c-8a91-bc9bbf4aa301"),
		Package () {
		    Package () { "port", 4 }, /* CSI-2 port number */
		},
		ToUUID("dbb8e3e6-5886-4ba6-8795-1319f52a966b"),
		Package () {
		    Package () { "endpoint0", "EP40" },
		}
	    })

	    Name (EP40, Package() {
		ToUUID("daffd814-6eba-4d8c-8a91-bc9bbf4aa301"),
		Package () {
		    Package () { "endpoint", 0 },
		    Package () { "remote-endpoint", Package () { \_SB.PCI0.I2C2.CAM0, 0, 0 } },
		}
	    })
	}
    }

Here, the port 0 of the "CAM0" device is connected to the port 4 of
the "ISP" device and vice versa.


References
----------

[1] _DSD (Device Specific Data) Implementation Guide.
    <URL:http://www.uefi.org/sites/default/files/resources/_DSD-implementation-guide-toplevel-1_1.htm>,
    referenced 2016-10-03.

[2] Devicetree. <URL:http://www.devicetree.org>, referenced 2016-10-03.

[3] Documentation/devicetree/bindings/graph.txt

[4] Device Properties UUID For _DSD.
    <URL:http://www.uefi.org/sites/default/files/resources/_DSD-device-properties-UUID.pdf>,
    referenced 2016-10-04.

[5] Hierarchical Data Extension UUID For _DSD.
    <URL:http://www.uefi.org/sites/default/files/resources/_DSD-hierarchical-data-extension-UUID-v1.pdf>,
    referenced 2016-10-04.

[6] Advanced Configuration and Power Interface Specification.
    <URL:http://www.uefi.org/sites/default/files/resources/ACPI_6_1.pdf>,
    referenced 2016-10-04.

[7] _DSD Device Properties Usage Rules.
    Documentation/acpi/DSD-properties-rules.txt