BATMAN-ADV
----------

Batman  advanced  is  a new approach to wireless networking which
does no longer operate on the IP basis. Unlike the batman daemon,
which  exchanges  information  using UDP packets and sets routing
tables, batman-advanced operates on ISO/OSI Layer 2 only and uses
and  routes  (or  better: bridges) Ethernet Frames. It emulates a
virtual network switch of all nodes participating.  Therefore all
nodes  appear  to be link local, thus all higher operating proto-
cols won't be affected by any changes within the network. You can
run almost any protocol above batman advanced, prominent examples
are: IPv4, IPv6, DHCP, IPX.

Batman advanced was implemented as a Linux kernel driver  to  re-
duce the overhead to a minimum. It does not depend on any (other)
network driver, and can be used on wifi as well as ethernet  lan,
vpn,  etc ... (anything with ethernet-style layer 2).


CONFIGURATION
-------------

Load the batman-adv module into your kernel:

# insmod batman-adv.ko

The  module  is now waiting for activation. You must add some in-
terfaces on which batman can operate. After  loading  the  module
batman  advanced  will scan your systems interfaces to search for
compatible interfaces. Once found, it will create  subfolders  in
the /sys directories of each supported interface, e.g.

# ls /sys/class/net/eth0/batman_adv/
# elp_interval  iface_status  mesh_iface  throughput_override

If an interface does not have the "batman_adv" subfolder it prob-
ably is not supported. Not supported  interfaces  are:  loopback,
non-ethernet and batman's own interfaces.

Note:  After the module was loaded it will continuously watch for
new interfaces to verify the compatibility. There is no  need  to
reload the module if you plug your USB wifi adapter into your ma-
chine after batman advanced was initially loaded.

The batman-adv soft-interface can be created using  the  iproute2
tool "ip"

# ip link add name bat0 type batadv

To  activate a  given  interface  simply  attach it to the "bat0"
interface

# ip link set dev eth0 master bat0

Repeat  this step for all interfaces you wish to add.  Now batman
starts using/broadcasting on this/these interface(s).

By reading the "iface_status" file you can check its status:

# cat /sys/class/net/eth0/batman_adv/iface_status
# active

To  deactivate  an  interface  you  have   to  detach it from the
"bat0" interface:

# ip link set dev eth0 nomaster


All  mesh  wide  settings  can be found in batman's own interface
folder:

# ls /sys/class/net/bat0/mesh/
# aggregated_ogms        fragmentation  isolation_mark  routing_algo
# ap_isolation           gw_bandwidth   log_level       vlan0
# bonding                gw_mode        multicast_mode
# bridge_loop_avoidance  gw_sel_class   network_coding
# distributed_arp_table  hop_penalty    orig_interval

There is a special folder for debugging information:

# ls /sys/kernel/debug/batman_adv/bat0/
# bla_backbone_table  log          neighbors          transtable_local
# bla_claim_table     mcast_flags  originators
# dat_cache           nc           socket
# gateways            nc_nodes     transtable_global

Some of the files contain all sort of status information  regard-
ing  the  mesh  network.  For  example, you can view the table of
originators (mesh participants) with:

# cat /sys/kernel/debug/batman_adv/bat0/originators

Other files allow to change batman's behaviour to better fit your
requirements.  For instance, you can check the current originator
interval (value in milliseconds which determines how often batman
sends its broadcast packets):

# cat /sys/class/net/bat0/mesh/orig_interval
# 1000

and also change its value:

# echo 3000 > /sys/class/net/bat0/mesh/orig_interval

In very mobile scenarios, you might want to adjust the originator
interval to a lower value. This will make the mesh  more  respon-
sive to topology changes, but will also increase the overhead.


USAGE
-----

To  make use of your newly created mesh, batman advanced provides
a new interface "bat0" which you should use from this  point  on.
All  interfaces  added  to  batman  advanced are not relevant any
longer because batman handles them for you. Basically, one "hands
over" the data by using the batman interface and batman will make
sure it reaches its destination.

The "bat0" interface can be used like any  other  regular  inter-
face.  It needs an IP address which can be either statically con-
figured or dynamically (by using DHCP or similar services):

# NodeA: ip link set up dev bat0
# NodeA: ip addr add 192.168.0.1/24 dev bat0

# NodeB: ip link set up dev bat0
# NodeB: ip addr add 192.168.0.2/24 dev bat0
# NodeB: ping 192.168.0.1

Note:  In  order to avoid problems remove all IP addresses previ-
ously assigned to interfaces now used by batman advanced, e.g.

# ip addr flush dev eth0


LOGGING/DEBUGGING
-----------------

All error messages, warnings and information messages are sent to
the kernel log. Depending on your operating  system  distribution
this  can  be read in one of a number of ways. Try using the com-
mands: dmesg, logread, or looking in the files  /var/log/kern.log
or  /var/log/syslog.  All  batman-adv  messages are prefixed with
"batman-adv:" So to see just these messages try

# dmesg | grep batman-adv

When investigating problems with your mesh network  it  is  some-
times  necessary  to see more detail debug messages. This must be
enabled when compiling the batman-adv module. When building  bat-
man-adv  as  part of kernel, use "make menuconfig" and enable the
option "B.A.T.M.A.N. debugging".

Those additional  debug messages can be accessed  using a special
file in debugfs

# cat /sys/kernel/debug/batman_adv/bat0/log

The additional debug output is by default disabled. It can be en-
abled  during run time. Following log_levels are defined:

  0 - All  debug  output  disabled
  1 - Enable messages related to routing / flooding / broadcasting
  2 - Enable messages related to route added / changed / deleted
  4 - Enable messages related to translation table operations
  8 - Enable messages related to bridge loop avoidance
 16 - Enable messages related to DAT, ARP snooping and parsing
 32 - Enable messages related to network coding
 64 - Enable messages related to multicast
128 - Enable messages related to throughput meter
255 - Enable all messages

The debug output can be changed at runtime  using  the  file
/sys/class/net/bat0/mesh/log_level. e.g.

# echo 6 > /sys/class/net/bat0/mesh/log_level

will enable debug messages for when routes change.

Counters for different types of packets entering and leaving the
batman-adv module are available through ethtool:

# ethtool --statistics bat0


BATCTL
------

As batman advanced operates on layer 2 all hosts participating in
the  virtual switch are completely transparent for all  protocols
above layer 2. Therefore the common diagnosis tools do  not  work
as  expected.  To  overcome these problems batctl was created. At
the  moment the  batctl contains ping,  traceroute,  tcpdump  and
interfaces to the kernel module settings.

For more information, please see the manpage (man batctl).

batctl is available on https://www.open-mesh.org/


CONTACT
-------

Please send us comments, experiences, questions, anything :)

IRC:            #batman   on   irc.freenode.org
Mailing-list:   b.a.t.m.a.n@open-mesh.org (optional  subscription
          at https://lists.open-mesh.org/mm/listinfo/b.a.t.m.a.n)

You can also contact the Authors:

Marek  Lindner  <mareklindner@neomailbox.ch>
Simon  Wunderlich  <sw@simonwunderlich.de>