diff --git a/drivers/misc/sgi-gru/gruhandles.c b/drivers/misc/sgi-gru/gruhandles.c
index a3a870a..37e7cfc 100644
--- a/drivers/misc/sgi-gru/gruhandles.c
+++ b/drivers/misc/sgi-gru/gruhandles.c
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@
 static int wait_instruction_complete(void *h, enum mcs_op opc)
 {
 	int status;
-	cycles_t start_time = get_cycles();
+	unsigned long start_time = get_cycles();
 
 	while (1) {
 		cpu_relax();
@@ -65,7 +65,8 @@
 		if (status != CCHSTATUS_ACTIVE)
 			break;
 		if (GRU_OPERATION_TIMEOUT < (get_cycles() - start_time))
-			panic("GRU %p is malfunctioning\n", h);
+			panic("GRU %p is malfunctioning: start %ld, end %ld\n",
+			      h, start_time, (unsigned long)get_cycles());
 	}
 	if (gru_options & OPT_STATS)
 		update_mcs_stats(opc, get_cycles() - start_time);
diff --git a/drivers/misc/sgi-gru/grukdump.c b/drivers/misc/sgi-gru/grukdump.c
index 27e0093..7b1bdf3 100644
--- a/drivers/misc/sgi-gru/grukdump.c
+++ b/drivers/misc/sgi-gru/grukdump.c
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@
 
 	if (cch_locked || !lock_cch) {
 		gts = gru->gs_gts[ctxnum];
-		if (gts) {
+		if (gts && gts->ts_vma) {
 			hdr.pid = gts->ts_tgid_owner;
 			hdr.vaddr = gts->ts_vma->vm_start;
 		}
diff --git a/drivers/misc/sgi-gru/grukservices.c b/drivers/misc/sgi-gru/grukservices.c
index 900f7aa..50b4dd8 100644
--- a/drivers/misc/sgi-gru/grukservices.c
+++ b/drivers/misc/sgi-gru/grukservices.c
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@
 #include <linux/proc_fs.h>
 #include <linux/interrupt.h>
 #include <linux/uaccess.h>
+#include <linux/delay.h>
 #include "gru.h"
 #include "grulib.h"
 #include "grutables.h"
@@ -45,18 +46,17 @@
  * resources. This will likely be replaced when we better understand the
  * kernel/user requirements.
  *
- * At boot time, the kernel permanently reserves a fixed number of
- * CBRs/DSRs for each cpu to use. The resources are all taken from
- * the GRU chiplet 1 on the blade. This leaves the full set of resources
- * of chiplet 0 available to be allocated to a single user.
+ * Blade percpu resources reserved for kernel use. These resources are
+ * reserved whenever the the kernel context for the blade is loaded. Note
+ * that the kernel context is not guaranteed to be always available. It is
+ * loaded on demand & can be stolen by a user if the user demand exceeds the
+ * kernel demand. The kernel can always reload the kernel context but
+ * a SLEEP may be required!!!.
  */
-
-/* Blade percpu resources PERMANENTLY reserved for kernel use */
 #define GRU_NUM_KERNEL_CBR	1
 #define GRU_NUM_KERNEL_DSR_BYTES 256
 #define GRU_NUM_KERNEL_DSR_CL	(GRU_NUM_KERNEL_DSR_BYTES /		\
 					GRU_CACHE_LINE_BYTES)
-#define KERNEL_CTXNUM           15
 
 /* GRU instruction attributes for all instructions */
 #define IMA			IMA_CB_DELAY
@@ -98,6 +98,88 @@
 
 #define HSTATUS(mq, h)	((mq) + offsetof(struct message_queue, hstatus[h]))
 
+/*
+ * Allocate a kernel context (GTS) for the specified blade.
+ * 	- protected by writelock on bs_kgts_sema.
+ */
+static void gru_alloc_kernel_context(struct gru_blade_state *bs, int blade_id)
+{
+	int cbr_au_count, dsr_au_count, ncpus;
+
+	ncpus = uv_blade_nr_possible_cpus(blade_id);
+	cbr_au_count = GRU_CB_COUNT_TO_AU(GRU_NUM_KERNEL_CBR * ncpus);
+	dsr_au_count = GRU_DS_BYTES_TO_AU(GRU_NUM_KERNEL_DSR_BYTES * ncpus);
+	bs->bs_kgts = gru_alloc_gts(NULL, cbr_au_count, dsr_au_count, 0, 0);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Reload the blade's kernel context into a GRU chiplet. Called holding
+ * the bs_kgts_sema for READ. Will steal user contexts if necessary.
+ */
+static void gru_load_kernel_context(struct gru_blade_state *bs, int blade_id)
+{
+	struct gru_state *gru;
+	struct gru_thread_state *kgts;
+	void *vaddr;
+	int ctxnum;
+
+	up_read(&bs->bs_kgts_sema);
+	down_write(&bs->bs_kgts_sema);
+
+	if (!bs->bs_kgts)
+		gru_alloc_kernel_context(bs, blade_id);
+	kgts = bs->bs_kgts;
+
+	if (!kgts->ts_gru) {
+		STAT(load_kernel_context);
+		while (!gru_assign_gru_context(kgts, blade_id)) {
+			msleep(1);
+			gru_steal_context(kgts, blade_id);
+		}
+		gru_load_context(kgts);
+		gru = bs->bs_kgts->ts_gru;
+		vaddr = gru->gs_gru_base_vaddr;
+		ctxnum = kgts->ts_ctxnum;
+		bs->kernel_cb = get_gseg_base_address_cb(vaddr, ctxnum, 0);
+		bs->kernel_dsr = get_gseg_base_address_ds(vaddr, ctxnum, 0);
+	}
+	downgrade_write(&bs->bs_kgts_sema);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Lock & load the kernel context for the specified blade.
+ */
+static struct gru_blade_state *gru_lock_kernel_context(int blade_id)
+{
+	struct gru_blade_state *bs;
+
+	STAT(lock_kernel_context);
+	bs = gru_base[blade_id];
+
+	down_read(&bs->bs_kgts_sema);
+	if (!bs->bs_kgts || !bs->bs_kgts->ts_gru)
+		gru_load_kernel_context(bs, blade_id);
+	return bs;
+
+}
+
+/*
+ * Unlock the kernel context for the specified blade. Context is not
+ * unloaded but may be stolen before next use.
+ */
+static void gru_unlock_kernel_context(int blade_id)
+{
+	struct gru_blade_state *bs;
+
+	bs = gru_base[blade_id];
+	up_read(&bs->bs_kgts_sema);
+	STAT(unlock_kernel_context);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Reserve & get pointers to the DSR/CBRs reserved for the current cpu.
+ * 	- returns with preemption disabled
+ */
 static int gru_get_cpu_resources(int dsr_bytes, void **cb, void **dsr)
 {
 	struct gru_blade_state *bs;
@@ -105,18 +187,23 @@
 
 	BUG_ON(dsr_bytes > GRU_NUM_KERNEL_DSR_BYTES);
 	preempt_disable();
-	bs = gru_base[uv_numa_blade_id()];
+	bs = gru_lock_kernel_context(uv_numa_blade_id());
 	lcpu = uv_blade_processor_id();
 	*cb = bs->kernel_cb + lcpu * GRU_HANDLE_STRIDE;
 	*dsr = bs->kernel_dsr + lcpu * GRU_NUM_KERNEL_DSR_BYTES;
 	return 0;
 }
 
+/*
+ * Free the current cpus reserved DSR/CBR resources.
+ */
 static void gru_free_cpu_resources(void *cb, void *dsr)
 {
+	gru_unlock_kernel_context(uv_numa_blade_id());
 	preempt_enable();
 }
 
+/*----------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 int gru_get_cb_exception_detail(void *cb,
 		struct control_block_extended_exc_detail *excdet)
 {
@@ -597,34 +684,36 @@
 
 /* ------------------- KERNEL QUICKTESTS RUN AT STARTUP ----------------*/
 /* 	Temp - will delete after we gain confidence in the GRU		*/
-static __cacheline_aligned unsigned long word0;
-static __cacheline_aligned unsigned long word1;
 
-static int quicktest(struct gru_state *gru)
+int quicktest(void)
 {
+	unsigned long word0;
+	unsigned long word1;
 	void *cb;
-	void *ds;
+	void *dsr;
 	unsigned long *p;
 
-	cb = get_gseg_base_address_cb(gru->gs_gru_base_vaddr, KERNEL_CTXNUM, 0);
-	ds = get_gseg_base_address_ds(gru->gs_gru_base_vaddr, KERNEL_CTXNUM, 0);
-	p = ds;
+	if (gru_get_cpu_resources(GRU_CACHE_LINE_BYTES, &cb, &dsr))
+		return MQE_BUG_NO_RESOURCES;
+	p = dsr;
 	word0 = MAGIC;
+	word1 = 0;
 
-	gru_vload(cb, uv_gpa(&word0), 0, XTYPE_DW, 1, 1, IMA);
+	gru_vload(cb, uv_gpa(&word0), gru_get_tri(dsr), XTYPE_DW, 1, 1, IMA);
 	if (gru_wait(cb) != CBS_IDLE)
 		BUG();
 
-	if (*(unsigned long *)ds != MAGIC)
+	if (*p != MAGIC)
 		BUG();
-	gru_vstore(cb, uv_gpa(&word1), 0, XTYPE_DW, 1, 1, IMA);
+	gru_vstore(cb, uv_gpa(&word1), gru_get_tri(dsr), XTYPE_DW, 1, 1, IMA);
 	if (gru_wait(cb) != CBS_IDLE)
 		BUG();
+	gru_free_cpu_resources(cb, dsr);
 
-	if (word0 != word1 || word0 != MAGIC) {
+	if (word0 != word1 || word1 != MAGIC) {
 		printk
-		    ("GRU quicktest err: gid %d, found 0x%lx, expected 0x%lx\n",
-		     gru->gs_gid, word1, MAGIC);
+		    ("GRU quicktest err: found 0x%lx, expected 0x%lx\n",
+		     word1, MAGIC);
 		BUG();		/* ZZZ should not be fatal */
 	}
 
@@ -635,80 +724,30 @@
 int gru_kservices_init(struct gru_state *gru)
 {
 	struct gru_blade_state *bs;
-	struct gru_context_configuration_handle *cch;
-	unsigned long cbr_map, dsr_map;
-	int err, num, cpus_possible;
 
-	/*
-	 * Currently, resources are reserved ONLY on the second chiplet
-	 * on each blade. This leaves ALL resources on chiplet 0 available
-	 * for user code.
-	 */
 	bs = gru->gs_blade;
-	if (gru != &bs->bs_grus[1])
+	if (gru != &bs->bs_grus[0])
 		return 0;
 
-	cpus_possible = uv_blade_nr_possible_cpus(gru->gs_blade_id);
-
-	num = GRU_NUM_KERNEL_CBR * cpus_possible;
-	cbr_map = gru_reserve_cb_resources(gru, GRU_CB_COUNT_TO_AU(num), NULL);
-	gru->gs_reserved_cbrs += num;
-
-	num = GRU_NUM_KERNEL_DSR_BYTES * cpus_possible;
-	dsr_map = gru_reserve_ds_resources(gru, GRU_DS_BYTES_TO_AU(num), NULL);
-	gru->gs_reserved_dsr_bytes += num;
-
-	gru->gs_active_contexts++;
-	__set_bit(KERNEL_CTXNUM, &gru->gs_context_map);
-	cch = get_cch(gru->gs_gru_base_vaddr, KERNEL_CTXNUM);
-
-	bs->kernel_cb = get_gseg_base_address_cb(gru->gs_gru_base_vaddr,
-					KERNEL_CTXNUM, 0);
-	bs->kernel_dsr = get_gseg_base_address_ds(gru->gs_gru_base_vaddr,
-					KERNEL_CTXNUM, 0);
-
-	lock_cch_handle(cch);
-	cch->tfm_fault_bit_enable = 0;
-	cch->tlb_int_enable = 0;
-	cch->tfm_done_bit_enable = 0;
-	cch->unmap_enable = 1;
-	cch->dsr_allocation_map = dsr_map;
-	cch->cbr_allocation_map = cbr_map;
-
-	err = cch_allocate(cch);
-	if (err) {
-		gru_dbg(grudev,
-			"Unable to allocate kernel CCH: gid %d, err %d\n",
-			gru->gs_gid, err);
-		BUG();
-	}
-	if (cch_start(cch)) {
-		gru_dbg(grudev, "Unable to start kernel CCH: gid %d, err %d\n",
-			gru->gs_gid, err);
-		BUG();
-	}
-	unlock_cch_handle(cch);
+	init_rwsem(&bs->bs_kgts_sema);
 
 	if (gru_options & GRU_QUICKLOOK)
-		quicktest(gru);
+		quicktest();
 	return 0;
 }
 
 void gru_kservices_exit(struct gru_state *gru)
 {
-	struct gru_context_configuration_handle *cch;
 	struct gru_blade_state *bs;
+	struct gru_thread_state *kgts;
 
 	bs = gru->gs_blade;
-	if (gru != &bs->bs_grus[1])
+	if (gru != &bs->bs_grus[0])
 		return;
 
-	cch = get_cch(gru->gs_gru_base_vaddr, KERNEL_CTXNUM);
-	lock_cch_handle(cch);
-	if (cch_interrupt_sync(cch))
-		BUG();
-	if (cch_deallocate(cch))
-		BUG();
-	unlock_cch_handle(cch);
+	kgts = bs->bs_kgts;
+	if (kgts && kgts->ts_gru)
+		gru_unload_context(kgts, 0);
+	kfree(kgts);
 }
 
diff --git a/drivers/misc/sgi-gru/grumain.c b/drivers/misc/sgi-gru/grumain.c
index 0c7bd38..3398e54 100644
--- a/drivers/misc/sgi-gru/grumain.c
+++ b/drivers/misc/sgi-gru/grumain.c
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@
 	gid = gru->gs_gid;
 again:
 	for (i = 0; i < GRU_NUM_CCH; i++) {
-		if (!gru->gs_gts[i])
+		if (!gru->gs_gts[i] || is_kernel_context(gru->gs_gts[i]))
 			continue;
 		inuse_asid = gru->gs_gts[i]->ts_gms->ms_asids[gid].mt_asid;
 		gru_dbg(grudev, "gid %d, gts %p, gms %p, inuse 0x%x, cxt %d\n",
@@ -506,7 +506,8 @@
 	struct gru_context_configuration_handle *cch;
 	int ctxnum = gts->ts_ctxnum;
 
-	zap_vma_ptes(gts->ts_vma, UGRUADDR(gts), GRU_GSEG_PAGESIZE);
+	if (!is_kernel_context(gts))
+		zap_vma_ptes(gts->ts_vma, UGRUADDR(gts), GRU_GSEG_PAGESIZE);
 	cch = get_cch(gru->gs_gru_base_vaddr, ctxnum);
 
 	gru_dbg(grudev, "gts %p\n", gts);
@@ -514,7 +515,8 @@
 	if (cch_interrupt_sync(cch))
 		BUG();
 
-	gru_unload_mm_tracker(gru, gts);
+	if (!is_kernel_context(gts))
+		gru_unload_mm_tracker(gru, gts);
 	if (savestate)
 		gru_unload_context_data(gts->ts_gdata, gru->gs_gru_base_vaddr,
 					ctxnum, gts->ts_cbr_map,
@@ -526,7 +528,6 @@
 	unlock_cch_handle(cch);
 
 	gru_free_gru_context(gts);
-	STAT(unload_context);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -554,11 +555,16 @@
 	cch->tfm_done_bit_enable = 0;
 	cch->dsr_allocation_map = gts->ts_dsr_map;
 	cch->cbr_allocation_map = gts->ts_cbr_map;
-	asid = gru_load_mm_tracker(gru, gts);
-	cch->unmap_enable = 0;
-	for (i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
-		cch->asid[i] = asid + i;
-		cch->sizeavail[i] = gts->ts_sizeavail;
+
+	if (is_kernel_context(gts)) {
+		cch->unmap_enable = 1;
+	} else {
+		cch->unmap_enable = 0;
+		asid = gru_load_mm_tracker(gru, gts);
+		for (i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
+			cch->asid[i] = asid + i;
+			cch->sizeavail[i] = gts->ts_sizeavail;
+		}
 	}
 
 	err = cch_allocate(cch);
@@ -575,8 +581,6 @@
 	if (cch_start(cch))
 		BUG();
 	unlock_cch_handle(cch);
-
-	STAT(load_context);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -652,6 +656,27 @@
 #define next_gru(b, g)	(((g) < &(b)->bs_grus[GRU_CHIPLETS_PER_BLADE - 1]) ?  \
 				 ((g)+1) : &(b)->bs_grus[0])
 
+static int is_gts_stealable(struct gru_thread_state *gts,
+		struct gru_blade_state *bs)
+{
+	if (is_kernel_context(gts))
+		return down_write_trylock(&bs->bs_kgts_sema);
+	else
+		return mutex_trylock(&gts->ts_ctxlock);
+}
+
+static void gts_stolen(struct gru_thread_state *gts,
+		struct gru_blade_state *bs)
+{
+	if (is_kernel_context(gts)) {
+		up_write(&bs->bs_kgts_sema);
+		STAT(steal_kernel_context);
+	} else {
+		mutex_unlock(&gts->ts_ctxlock);
+		STAT(steal_user_context);
+	}
+}
+
 void gru_steal_context(struct gru_thread_state *gts, int blade_id)
 {
 	struct gru_blade_state *blade;
@@ -685,7 +710,7 @@
 			 * success are high. If trylock fails, try to steal a
 			 * different GSEG.
 			 */
-			if (ngts && mutex_trylock(&ngts->ts_ctxlock))
+			if (ngts && is_gts_stealable(ngts, blade))
 				break;
 			ngts = NULL;
 			flag = 1;
@@ -701,10 +726,9 @@
 	spin_unlock(&blade->bs_lock);
 
 	if (ngts) {
-		STAT(steal_context);
 		ngts->ts_steal_jiffies = jiffies;
-		gru_unload_context(ngts, 1);
-		mutex_unlock(&ngts->ts_ctxlock);
+		gru_unload_context(ngts, is_kernel_context(ngts) ? 0 : 1);
+		gts_stolen(ngts, blade);
 	} else {
 		STAT(steal_context_failed);
 	}
@@ -810,6 +834,7 @@
 	}
 
 	if (!gts->ts_gru) {
+		STAT(load_user_context);
 		if (!gru_assign_gru_context(gts, blade_id)) {
 			preempt_enable();
 			mutex_unlock(&gts->ts_ctxlock);
diff --git a/drivers/misc/sgi-gru/gruprocfs.c b/drivers/misc/sgi-gru/gruprocfs.c
index c46c1c5..6ef4cb4 100644
--- a/drivers/misc/sgi-gru/gruprocfs.c
+++ b/drivers/misc/sgi-gru/gruprocfs.c
@@ -51,9 +51,12 @@
 	printstat(s, assign_context);
 	printstat(s, assign_context_failed);
 	printstat(s, free_context);
-	printstat(s, load_context);
-	printstat(s, unload_context);
-	printstat(s, steal_context);
+	printstat(s, load_user_context);
+	printstat(s, load_kernel_context);
+	printstat(s, lock_kernel_context);
+	printstat(s, unlock_kernel_context);
+	printstat(s, steal_user_context);
+	printstat(s, steal_kernel_context);
 	printstat(s, steal_context_failed);
 	printstat(s, nopfn);
 	printstat(s, break_cow);
diff --git a/drivers/misc/sgi-gru/grutables.h b/drivers/misc/sgi-gru/grutables.h
index 4ddb5b9..1c85fdc 100644
--- a/drivers/misc/sgi-gru/grutables.h
+++ b/drivers/misc/sgi-gru/grutables.h
@@ -174,9 +174,12 @@
 	atomic_long_t assign_context;
 	atomic_long_t assign_context_failed;
 	atomic_long_t free_context;
-	atomic_long_t load_context;
-	atomic_long_t unload_context;
-	atomic_long_t steal_context;
+	atomic_long_t load_user_context;
+	atomic_long_t load_kernel_context;
+	atomic_long_t lock_kernel_context;
+	atomic_long_t unlock_kernel_context;
+	atomic_long_t steal_user_context;
+	atomic_long_t steal_kernel_context;
 	atomic_long_t steal_context_failed;
 	atomic_long_t nopfn;
 	atomic_long_t break_cow;
@@ -454,6 +457,9 @@
 							   reserved cb */
 	void			*kernel_dsr;		/* First kernel
 							   reserved DSR */
+	struct rw_semaphore	bs_kgts_sema;		/* lock for kgts */
+	struct gru_thread_state *bs_kgts;		/* GTS for kernel use */
+
 	/* ---- the following are protected by the bs_lock spinlock ---- */
 	spinlock_t		bs_lock;		/* lock used for
 							   stealing contexts */
@@ -597,6 +603,11 @@
 	__unlock_handle(tgh);
 }
 
+static inline int is_kernel_context(struct gru_thread_state *gts)
+{
+	return !gts->ts_mm;
+}
+
 /*-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  * Function prototypes & externs
  */