// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
/*
 * memfd GUP test-case
 * This tests memfd interactions with get_user_pages(). We require the
 * fuse_mnt.c program to provide a fake direct-IO FUSE mount-point for us. This
 * file-system delays _all_ reads by 1s and forces direct-IO. This means, any
 * read() on files in that file-system will pin the receive-buffer pages for at
 * least 1s via get_user_pages().
 *
 * We use this trick to race ADD_SEALS against a write on a memfd object. The
 * ADD_SEALS must fail if the memfd pages are still pinned. Note that we use
 * the read() syscall with our memory-mapped memfd object as receive buffer to
 * force the kernel to write into our memfd object.
 */

#define _GNU_SOURCE
#define __EXPORTED_HEADERS__

#include <errno.h>
#include <inttypes.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <linux/falloc.h>
#include <linux/fcntl.h>
#include <linux/memfd.h>
#include <sched.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/syscall.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <unistd.h>

#define MFD_DEF_SIZE 8192
#define STACK_SIZE 65536

static int sys_memfd_create(const char *name,
			    unsigned int flags)
{
	return syscall(__NR_memfd_create, name, flags);
}

static int mfd_assert_new(const char *name, loff_t sz, unsigned int flags)
{
	int r, fd;

	fd = sys_memfd_create(name, flags);
	if (fd < 0) {
		printf("memfd_create(\"%s\", %u) failed: %m\n",
		       name, flags);
		abort();
	}

	r = ftruncate(fd, sz);
	if (r < 0) {
		printf("ftruncate(%llu) failed: %m\n", (unsigned long long)sz);
		abort();
	}

	return fd;
}

static __u64 mfd_assert_get_seals(int fd)
{
	long r;

	r = fcntl(fd, F_GET_SEALS);
	if (r < 0) {
		printf("GET_SEALS(%d) failed: %m\n", fd);
		abort();
	}

	return r;
}

static void mfd_assert_has_seals(int fd, __u64 seals)
{
	__u64 s;

	s = mfd_assert_get_seals(fd);
	if (s != seals) {
		printf("%llu != %llu = GET_SEALS(%d)\n",
		       (unsigned long long)seals, (unsigned long long)s, fd);
		abort();
	}
}

static void mfd_assert_add_seals(int fd, __u64 seals)
{
	long r;
	__u64 s;

	s = mfd_assert_get_seals(fd);
	r = fcntl(fd, F_ADD_SEALS, seals);
	if (r < 0) {
		printf("ADD_SEALS(%d, %llu -> %llu) failed: %m\n",
		       fd, (unsigned long long)s, (unsigned long long)seals);
		abort();
	}
}

static int mfd_busy_add_seals(int fd, __u64 seals)
{
	long r;
	__u64 s;

	r = fcntl(fd, F_GET_SEALS);
	if (r < 0)
		s = 0;
	else
		s = r;

	r = fcntl(fd, F_ADD_SEALS, seals);
	if (r < 0 && errno != EBUSY) {
		printf("ADD_SEALS(%d, %llu -> %llu) didn't fail as expected with EBUSY: %m\n",
		       fd, (unsigned long long)s, (unsigned long long)seals);
		abort();
	}

	return r;
}

static void *mfd_assert_mmap_shared(int fd)
{
	void *p;

	p = mmap(NULL,
		 MFD_DEF_SIZE,
		 PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE,
		 MAP_SHARED,
		 fd,
		 0);
	if (p == MAP_FAILED) {
		printf("mmap() failed: %m\n");
		abort();
	}

	return p;
}

static void *mfd_assert_mmap_private(int fd)
{
	void *p;

	p = mmap(NULL,
		 MFD_DEF_SIZE,
		 PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE,
		 MAP_PRIVATE,
		 fd,
		 0);
	if (p == MAP_FAILED) {
		printf("mmap() failed: %m\n");
		abort();
	}

	return p;
}

static int global_mfd = -1;
static void *global_p = NULL;

static int sealing_thread_fn(void *arg)
{
	int sig, r;

	/*
	 * This thread first waits 200ms so any pending operation in the parent
	 * is correctly started. After that, it tries to seal @global_mfd as
	 * SEAL_WRITE. This _must_ fail as the parent thread has a read() into
	 * that memory mapped object still ongoing.
	 * We then wait one more second and try sealing again. This time it
	 * must succeed as there shouldn't be anyone else pinning the pages.
	 */

	/* wait 200ms for FUSE-request to be active */
	usleep(200000);

	/* unmount mapping before sealing to avoid i_mmap_writable failures */
	munmap(global_p, MFD_DEF_SIZE);

	/* Try sealing the global file; expect EBUSY or success. Current
	 * kernels will never succeed, but in the future, kernels might
	 * implement page-replacements or other fancy ways to avoid racing
	 * writes. */
	r = mfd_busy_add_seals(global_mfd, F_SEAL_WRITE);
	if (r >= 0) {
		printf("HURRAY! This kernel fixed GUP races!\n");
	} else {
		/* wait 1s more so the FUSE-request is done */
		sleep(1);

		/* try sealing the global file again */
		mfd_assert_add_seals(global_mfd, F_SEAL_WRITE);
	}

	return 0;
}

static pid_t spawn_sealing_thread(void)
{
	uint8_t *stack;
	pid_t pid;

	stack = malloc(STACK_SIZE);
	if (!stack) {
		printf("malloc(STACK_SIZE) failed: %m\n");
		abort();
	}

	pid = clone(sealing_thread_fn,
		    stack + STACK_SIZE,
		    SIGCHLD | CLONE_FILES | CLONE_FS | CLONE_VM,
		    NULL);
	if (pid < 0) {
		printf("clone() failed: %m\n");
		abort();
	}

	return pid;
}

static void join_sealing_thread(pid_t pid)
{
	waitpid(pid, NULL, 0);
}

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
	static const char zero[MFD_DEF_SIZE];
	int fd, mfd, r;
	void *p;
	int was_sealed;
	pid_t pid;

	if (argc < 2) {
		printf("error: please pass path to file in fuse_mnt mount-point\n");
		abort();
	}

	/* open FUSE memfd file for GUP testing */
	printf("opening: %s\n", argv[1]);
	fd = open(argv[1], O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC);
	if (fd < 0) {
		printf("cannot open(\"%s\"): %m\n", argv[1]);
		abort();
	}

	/* create new memfd-object */
	mfd = mfd_assert_new("kern_memfd_fuse",
			     MFD_DEF_SIZE,
			     MFD_CLOEXEC | MFD_ALLOW_SEALING);

	/* mmap memfd-object for writing */
	p = mfd_assert_mmap_shared(mfd);

	/* pass mfd+mapping to a separate sealing-thread which tries to seal
	 * the memfd objects with SEAL_WRITE while we write into it */
	global_mfd = mfd;
	global_p = p;
	pid = spawn_sealing_thread();

	/* Use read() on the FUSE file to read into our memory-mapped memfd
	 * object. This races the other thread which tries to seal the
	 * memfd-object.
	 * If @fd is on the memfd-fake-FUSE-FS, the read() is delayed by 1s.
	 * This guarantees that the receive-buffer is pinned for 1s until the
	 * data is written into it. The racing ADD_SEALS should thus fail as
	 * the pages are still pinned. */
	r = read(fd, p, MFD_DEF_SIZE);
	if (r < 0) {
		printf("read() failed: %m\n");
		abort();
	} else if (!r) {
		printf("unexpected EOF on read()\n");
		abort();
	}

	was_sealed = mfd_assert_get_seals(mfd) & F_SEAL_WRITE;

	/* Wait for sealing-thread to finish and verify that it
	 * successfully sealed the file after the second try. */
	join_sealing_thread(pid);
	mfd_assert_has_seals(mfd, F_SEAL_WRITE);

	/* *IF* the memfd-object was sealed at the time our read() returned,
	 * then the kernel did a page-replacement or canceled the read() (or
	 * whatever magic it did..). In that case, the memfd object is still
	 * all zero.
	 * In case the memfd-object was *not* sealed, the read() was successfull
	 * and the memfd object must *not* be all zero.
	 * Note that in real scenarios, there might be a mixture of both, but
	 * in this test-cases, we have explicit 200ms delays which should be
	 * enough to avoid any in-flight writes. */

	p = mfd_assert_mmap_private(mfd);
	if (was_sealed && memcmp(p, zero, MFD_DEF_SIZE)) {
		printf("memfd sealed during read() but data not discarded\n");
		abort();
	} else if (!was_sealed && !memcmp(p, zero, MFD_DEF_SIZE)) {
		printf("memfd sealed after read() but data discarded\n");
		abort();
	}

	close(mfd);
	close(fd);

	printf("fuse: DONE\n");

	return 0;
}