blob: d17c5da523a0bc817a6b32413ee7e0ba3e7a6b2e [file] [log] [blame]
/*
* kernel/sched/core.c
*
* Core kernel scheduler code and related syscalls
*
* Copyright (C) 1991-2002 Linus Torvalds
*/
#include <linux/sched.h>
#include <linux/sched/clock.h>
#include <uapi/linux/sched/types.h>
#include <linux/sched/loadavg.h>
#include <linux/sched/hotplug.h>
#include <linux/wait_bit.h>
#include <linux/cpuset.h>
#include <linux/delayacct.h>
#include <linux/init_task.h>
#include <linux/context_tracking.h>
#include <linux/rcupdate_wait.h>
#include <linux/blkdev.h>
#include <linux/kprobes.h>
#include <linux/mmu_context.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/nmi.h>
#include <linux/prefetch.h>
#include <linux/profile.h>
#include <linux/security.h>
#include <linux/syscalls.h>
#include <asm/switch_to.h>
#include <asm/tlb.h>
#ifdef CONFIG_PARAVIRT
#include <asm/paravirt.h>
#endif
#include "sched.h"
#include "../workqueue_internal.h"
#include "../smpboot.h"
#define CREATE_TRACE_POINTS
#include <trace/events/sched.h>
DEFINE_PER_CPU_SHARED_ALIGNED(struct rq, runqueues);
/*
* Debugging: various feature bits
*/
#define SCHED_FEAT(name, enabled) \
(1UL << __SCHED_FEAT_##name) * enabled |
const_debug unsigned int sysctl_sched_features =
#include "features.h"
0;
#undef SCHED_FEAT
/*
* Number of tasks to iterate in a single balance run.
* Limited because this is done with IRQs disabled.
*/
const_debug unsigned int sysctl_sched_nr_migrate = 32;
/*
* period over which we average the RT time consumption, measured
* in ms.
*
* default: 1s
*/
const_debug unsigned int sysctl_sched_time_avg = MSEC_PER_SEC;
/*
* period over which we measure -rt task CPU usage in us.
* default: 1s
*/
unsigned int sysctl_sched_rt_period = 1000000;
__read_mostly int scheduler_running;
/*
* part of the period that we allow rt tasks to run in us.
* default: 0.95s
*/
int sysctl_sched_rt_runtime = 950000;
/* CPUs with isolated domains */
cpumask_var_t cpu_isolated_map;
/*
* __task_rq_lock - lock the rq @p resides on.
*/
struct rq *__task_rq_lock(struct task_struct *p, struct rq_flags *rf)
__acquires(rq->lock)
{
struct rq *rq;
lockdep_assert_held(&p->pi_lock);
for (;;) {
rq = task_rq(p);
raw_spin_lock(&rq->lock);
if (likely(rq == task_rq(p) && !task_on_rq_migrating(p))) {
rq_pin_lock(rq, rf);
return rq;
}
raw_spin_unlock(&rq->lock);
while (unlikely(task_on_rq_migrating(p)))
cpu_relax();
}
}
/*
* task_rq_lock - lock p->pi_lock and lock the rq @p resides on.
*/
struct rq *task_rq_lock(struct task_struct *p, struct rq_flags *rf)
__acquires(p->pi_lock)
__acquires(rq->lock)
{
struct rq *rq;
for (;;) {
raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&p->pi_lock, rf->flags);
rq = task_rq(p);
raw_spin_lock(&rq->lock);
/*
* move_queued_task() task_rq_lock()
*
* ACQUIRE (rq->lock)
* [S] ->on_rq = MIGRATING [L] rq = task_rq()
* WMB (__set_task_cpu()) ACQUIRE (rq->lock);
* [S] ->cpu = new_cpu [L] task_rq()
* [L] ->on_rq
* RELEASE (rq->lock)
*
* If we observe the old cpu in task_rq_lock, the acquire of
* the old rq->lock will fully serialize against the stores.
*
* If we observe the new CPU in task_rq_lock, the acquire will
* pair with the WMB to ensure we must then also see migrating.
*/
if (likely(rq == task_rq(p) && !task_on_rq_migrating(p))) {
rq_pin_lock(rq, rf);
return rq;
}
raw_spin_unlock(&rq->lock);
raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&p->pi_lock, rf->flags);
while (unlikely(task_on_rq_migrating(p)))
cpu_relax();
}
}
/*
* RQ-clock updating methods:
*/
static void update_rq_clock_task(struct rq *rq, s64 delta)
{
/*
* In theory, the compile should just see 0 here, and optimize out the call
* to sched_rt_avg_update. But I don't trust it...
*/
#if defined(CONFIG_IRQ_TIME_ACCOUNTING) || defined(CONFIG_PARAVIRT_TIME_ACCOUNTING)
s64 steal = 0, irq_delta = 0;
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_IRQ_TIME_ACCOUNTING
irq_delta = irq_time_read(cpu_of(rq)) - rq->prev_irq_time;
/*
* Since irq_time is only updated on {soft,}irq_exit, we might run into
* this case when a previous update_rq_clock() happened inside a
* {soft,}irq region.
*
* When this happens, we stop ->clock_task and only update the
* prev_irq_time stamp to account for the part that fit, so that a next
* update will consume the rest. This ensures ->clock_task is
* monotonic.
*
* It does however cause some slight miss-attribution of {soft,}irq
* time, a more accurate solution would be to update the irq_time using
* the current rq->clock timestamp, except that would require using
* atomic ops.
*/
if (irq_delta > delta)
irq_delta = delta;
rq->prev_irq_time += irq_delta;
delta -= irq_delta;
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_PARAVIRT_TIME_ACCOUNTING
if (static_key_false((&paravirt_steal_rq_enabled))) {
steal = paravirt_steal_clock(cpu_of(rq));
steal -= rq->prev_steal_time_rq;
if (unlikely(steal > delta))
steal = delta;
rq->prev_steal_time_rq += steal;
delta -= steal;
}
#endif
rq->clock_task += delta;
#if defined(CONFIG_IRQ_TIME_ACCOUNTING) || defined(CONFIG_PARAVIRT_TIME_ACCOUNTING)
if ((irq_delta + steal) && sched_feat(NONTASK_CAPACITY))
sched_rt_avg_update(rq, irq_delta + steal);
#endif
}
void update_rq_clock(struct rq *rq)
{
s64 delta;
lockdep_assert_held(&rq->lock);
if (rq->clock_update_flags & RQCF_ACT_SKIP)
return;
#ifdef CONFIG_SCHED_DEBUG
if (sched_feat(WARN_DOUBLE_CLOCK))
SCHED_WARN_ON(rq->clock_update_flags & RQCF_UPDATED);
rq->clock_update_flags |= RQCF_UPDATED;
#endif
delta = sched_clock_cpu(cpu_of(rq)) - rq->clock;
if (delta < 0)
return;
rq->clock += delta;
update_rq_clock_task(rq, delta);
}
#ifdef CONFIG_SCHED_HRTICK
/*
* Use HR-timers to deliver accurate preemption points.
*/
static void hrtick_clear(struct rq *rq)
{
if (hrtimer_active(&rq->hrtick_timer))
hrtimer_cancel(&rq->hrtick_timer);
}
/*
* High-resolution timer tick.
* Runs from hardirq context with interrupts disabled.
*/
static enum hrtimer_restart hrtick(struct hrtimer *timer)
{
struct rq *rq = container_of(timer, struct rq, hrtick_timer);
struct rq_flags rf;
WARN_ON_ONCE(cpu_of(rq) != smp_processor_id());
rq_lock(rq, &rf);
update_rq_clock(rq);
rq->curr->sched_class->task_tick(rq, rq->curr, 1);
rq_unlock(rq, &rf);
return HRTIMER_NORESTART;
}
#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
static void __hrtick_restart(struct rq *rq)
{
struct hrtimer *timer = &rq->hrtick_timer;
hrtimer_start_expires(timer, HRTIMER_MODE_ABS_PINNED);
}
/*
* called from hardirq (IPI) context
*/
static void __hrtick_start(void *arg)
{
struct rq *rq = arg;
struct rq_flags rf;
rq_lock(rq, &rf);
__hrtick_restart(rq);
rq->hrtick_csd_pending = 0;
rq_unlock(rq, &rf);
}
/*
* Called to set the hrtick timer state.
*
* called with rq->lock held and irqs disabled
*/
void hrtick_start(struct rq *rq, u64 delay)
{
struct hrtimer *timer = &rq->hrtick_timer;
ktime_t time;
s64 delta;
/*
* Don't schedule slices shorter than 10000ns, that just
* doesn't make sense and can cause timer DoS.
*/
delta = max_t(s64, delay, 10000LL);
time = ktime_add_ns(timer->base->get_time(), delta);
hrtimer_set_expires(timer, time);
if (rq == this_rq()) {
__hrtick_restart(rq);
} else if (!rq->hrtick_csd_pending) {
smp_call_function_single_async(cpu_of(rq), &rq->hrtick_csd);
rq->hrtick_csd_pending = 1;
}
}
#else
/*
* Called to set the hrtick timer state.
*
* called with rq->lock held and irqs disabled
*/
void hrtick_start(struct rq *rq, u64 delay)
{
/*
* Don't schedule slices shorter than 10000ns, that just
* doesn't make sense. Rely on vruntime for fairness.
*/
delay = max_t(u64, delay, 10000LL);
hrtimer_start(&rq->hrtick_timer, ns_to_ktime(delay),
HRTIMER_MODE_REL_PINNED);
}
#endif /* CONFIG_SMP */
static void init_rq_hrtick(struct rq *rq)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
rq->hrtick_csd_pending = 0;
rq->hrtick_csd.flags = 0;
rq->hrtick_csd.func = __hrtick_start;
rq->hrtick_csd.info = rq;
#endif
hrtimer_init(&rq->hrtick_timer, CLOCK_MONOTONIC, HRTIMER_MODE_REL);
rq->hrtick_timer.function = hrtick;
}
#else /* CONFIG_SCHED_HRTICK */
static inline void hrtick_clear(struct rq *rq)
{
}
static inline void init_rq_hrtick(struct rq *rq)
{
}
#endif /* CONFIG_SCHED_HRTICK */
/*
* cmpxchg based fetch_or, macro so it works for different integer types
*/
#define fetch_or(ptr, mask) \
({ \
typeof(ptr) _ptr = (ptr); \
typeof(mask) _mask = (mask); \
typeof(*_ptr) _old, _val = *_ptr; \
\
for (;;) { \
_old = cmpxchg(_ptr, _val, _val | _mask); \
if (_old == _val) \
break; \
_val = _old; \
} \
_old; \
})
#if defined(CONFIG_SMP) && defined(TIF_POLLING_NRFLAG)
/*
* Atomically set TIF_NEED_RESCHED and test for TIF_POLLING_NRFLAG,
* this avoids any races wrt polling state changes and thereby avoids
* spurious IPIs.
*/
static bool set_nr_and_not_polling(struct task_struct *p)
{
struct thread_info *ti = task_thread_info(p);
return !(fetch_or(&ti->flags, _TIF_NEED_RESCHED) & _TIF_POLLING_NRFLAG);
}
/*
* Atomically set TIF_NEED_RESCHED if TIF_POLLING_NRFLAG is set.
*
* If this returns true, then the idle task promises to call
* sched_ttwu_pending() and reschedule soon.
*/
static bool set_nr_if_polling(struct task_struct *p)
{
struct thread_info *ti = task_thread_info(p);
typeof(ti->flags) old, val = READ_ONCE(ti->flags);
for (;;) {
if (!(val & _TIF_POLLING_NRFLAG))
return false;
if (val & _TIF_NEED_RESCHED)
return true;
old = cmpxchg(&ti->flags, val, val | _TIF_NEED_RESCHED);
if (old == val)
break;
val = old;
}
return true;
}
#else
static bool set_nr_and_not_polling(struct task_struct *p)
{
set_tsk_need_resched(p);
return true;
}
#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
static bool set_nr_if_polling(struct task_struct *p)
{
return false;
}
#endif
#endif
void wake_q_add(struct wake_q_head *head, struct task_struct *task)
{
struct wake_q_node *node = &task->wake_q;
/*
* Atomically grab the task, if ->wake_q is !nil already it means
* its already queued (either by us or someone else) and will get the
* wakeup due to that.
*
* This cmpxchg() implies a full barrier, which pairs with the write
* barrier implied by the wakeup in wake_up_q().
*/
if (cmpxchg(&node->next, NULL, WAKE_Q_TAIL))
return;
get_task_struct(task);
/*
* The head is context local, there can be no concurrency.
*/
*head->lastp = node;
head->lastp = &node->next;
}
void wake_up_q(struct wake_q_head *head)
{
struct wake_q_node *node = head->first;
while (node != WAKE_Q_TAIL) {
struct task_struct *task;
task = container_of(node, struct task_struct, wake_q);
BUG_ON(!task);
/* Task can safely be re-inserted now: */
node = node->next;
task->wake_q.next = NULL;
/*
* wake_up_process() implies a wmb() to pair with the queueing
* in wake_q_add() so as not to miss wakeups.
*/
wake_up_process(task);
put_task_struct(task);
}
}
/*
* resched_curr - mark rq's current task 'to be rescheduled now'.
*
* On UP this means the setting of the need_resched flag, on SMP it
* might also involve a cross-CPU call to trigger the scheduler on
* the target CPU.
*/
void resched_curr(struct rq *rq)
{
struct task_struct *curr = rq->curr;
int cpu;
lockdep_assert_held(&rq->lock);
if (test_tsk_need_resched(curr))
return;
cpu = cpu_of(rq);
if (cpu == smp_processor_id()) {
set_tsk_need_resched(curr);
set_preempt_need_resched();
return;
}
if (set_nr_and_not_polling(curr))
smp_send_reschedule(cpu);
else
trace_sched_wake_idle_without_ipi(cpu);
}
void resched_cpu(int cpu)
{
struct rq *rq = cpu_rq(cpu);
unsigned long flags;
if (!raw_spin_trylock_irqsave(&rq->lock, flags))
return;
resched_curr(rq);
raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&rq->lock, flags);
}
#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
#ifdef CONFIG_NO_HZ_COMMON
/*
* In the semi idle case, use the nearest busy CPU for migrating timers
* from an idle CPU. This is good for power-savings.
*
* We don't do similar optimization for completely idle system, as
* selecting an idle CPU will add more delays to the timers than intended
* (as that CPU's timer base may not be uptodate wrt jiffies etc).
*/
int get_nohz_timer_target(void)
{
int i, cpu = smp_processor_id();
struct sched_domain *sd;
if (!idle_cpu(cpu) && is_housekeeping_cpu(cpu))
return cpu;
rcu_read_lock();
for_each_domain(cpu, sd) {
for_each_cpu(i, sched_domain_span(sd)) {
if (cpu == i)
continue;
if (!idle_cpu(i) && is_housekeeping_cpu(i)) {
cpu = i;
goto unlock;
}
}
}
if (!is_housekeeping_cpu(cpu))
cpu = housekeeping_any_cpu();
unlock:
rcu_read_unlock();
return cpu;
}
/*
* When add_timer_on() enqueues a timer into the timer wheel of an
* idle CPU then this timer might expire before the next timer event
* which is scheduled to wake up that CPU. In case of a completely
* idle system the next event might even be infinite time into the
* future. wake_up_idle_cpu() ensures that the CPU is woken up and
* leaves the inner idle loop so the newly added timer is taken into
* account when the CPU goes back to idle and evaluates the timer
* wheel for the next timer event.
*/
static void wake_up_idle_cpu(int cpu)
{
struct rq *rq = cpu_rq(cpu);
if (cpu == smp_processor_id())
return;
if (set_nr_and_not_polling(rq->idle))
smp_send_reschedule(cpu);
else
trace_sched_wake_idle_without_ipi(cpu);
}
static bool wake_up_full_nohz_cpu(int cpu)
{
/*
* We just need the target to call irq_exit() and re-evaluate
* the next tick. The nohz full kick at least implies that.
* If needed we can still optimize that later with an
* empty IRQ.
*/
if (cpu_is_offline(cpu))
return true; /* Don't try to wake offline CPUs. */
if (tick_nohz_full_cpu(cpu)) {
if (cpu != smp_processor_id() ||
tick_nohz_tick_stopped())
tick_nohz_full_kick_cpu(cpu);
return true;
}
return false;
}
/*
* Wake up the specified CPU. If the CPU is going offline, it is the
* caller's responsibility to deal with the lost wakeup, for example,
* by hooking into the CPU_DEAD notifier like timers and hrtimers do.
*/
void wake_up_nohz_cpu(int cpu)
{
if (!wake_up_full_nohz_cpu(cpu))
wake_up_idle_cpu(cpu);
}
static inline bool got_nohz_idle_kick(void)
{
int cpu = smp_processor_id();
if (!test_bit(NOHZ_BALANCE_KICK, nohz_flags(cpu)))
return false;
if (idle_cpu(cpu) && !need_resched())
return true;
/*
* We can't run Idle Load Balance on this CPU for this time so we
* cancel it and clear NOHZ_BALANCE_KICK
*/
clear_bit(NOHZ_BALANCE_KICK, nohz_flags(cpu));
return false;
}
#else /* CONFIG_NO_HZ_COMMON */
static inline bool got_nohz_idle_kick(void)
{
return false;
}
#endif /* CONFIG_NO_HZ_COMMON */
#ifdef CONFIG_NO_HZ_FULL
bool sched_can_stop_tick(struct rq *rq)
{
int fifo_nr_running;
/* Deadline tasks, even if single, need the tick */
if (rq->dl.dl_nr_running)
return false;
/*
* If there are more than one RR tasks, we need the tick to effect the
* actual RR behaviour.
*/
if (rq->rt.rr_nr_running) {
if (rq->rt.rr_nr_running == 1)
return true;
else
return false;
}
/*
* If there's no RR tasks, but FIFO tasks, we can skip the tick, no
* forced preemption between FIFO tasks.
*/
fifo_nr_running = rq->rt.rt_nr_running - rq->rt.rr_nr_running;
if (fifo_nr_running)
return true;
/*
* If there are no DL,RR/FIFO tasks, there must only be CFS tasks left;
* if there's more than one we need the tick for involuntary
* preemption.
*/
if (rq->nr_running > 1)
return false;
return true;
}
#endif /* CONFIG_NO_HZ_FULL */
void sched_avg_update(struct rq *rq)
{
s64 period = sched_avg_period();
while ((s64)(rq_clock(rq) - rq->age_stamp) > period) {
/*
* Inline assembly required to prevent the compiler
* optimising this loop into a divmod call.
* See __iter_div_u64_rem() for another example of this.
*/
asm("" : "+rm" (rq->age_stamp));
rq->age_stamp += period;
rq->rt_avg /= 2;
}
}
#endif /* CONFIG_SMP */
#if defined(CONFIG_RT_GROUP_SCHED) || (defined(CONFIG_FAIR_GROUP_SCHED) && \
(defined(CONFIG_SMP) || defined(CONFIG_CFS_BANDWIDTH)))
/*
* Iterate task_group tree rooted at *from, calling @down when first entering a
* node and @up when leaving it for the final time.
*
* Caller must hold rcu_lock or sufficient equivalent.
*/
int walk_tg_tree_from(struct task_group *from,
tg_visitor down, tg_visitor up, void *data)
{
struct task_group *parent, *child;
int ret;
parent = from;
down:
ret = (*down)(parent, data);
if (ret)
goto out;
list_for_each_entry_rcu(child, &parent->children, siblings) {
parent = child;
goto down;
up:
continue;
}
ret = (*up)(parent, data);
if (ret || parent == from)
goto out;
child = parent;
parent = parent->parent;
if (parent)
goto up;
out:
return ret;
}
int tg_nop(struct task_group *tg, void *data)
{
return 0;
}
#endif
static void set_load_weight(struct task_struct *p)
{
int prio = p->static_prio - MAX_RT_PRIO;
struct load_weight *load = &p->se.load;
/*
* SCHED_IDLE tasks get minimal weight:
*/
if (idle_policy(p->policy)) {
load->weight = scale_load(WEIGHT_IDLEPRIO);
load->inv_weight = WMULT_IDLEPRIO;
return;
}
load->weight = scale_load(sched_prio_to_weight[prio]);
load->inv_weight = sched_prio_to_wmult[prio];
}
static inline void enqueue_task(struct rq *rq, struct task_struct *p, int flags)
{
if (!(flags & ENQUEUE_NOCLOCK))
update_rq_clock(rq);
if (!(flags & ENQUEUE_RESTORE))
sched_info_queued(rq, p);
p->sched_class->enqueue_task(rq, p, flags);
}
static inline void dequeue_task(struct rq *rq, struct task_struct *p, int flags)
{
if (!(flags & DEQUEUE_NOCLOCK))
update_rq_clock(rq);
if (!(flags & DEQUEUE_SAVE))
sched_info_dequeued(rq, p);
p->sched_class->dequeue_task(rq, p, flags);
}
void activate_task(struct rq *rq, struct task_struct *p, int flags)
{
if (task_contributes_to_load(p))
rq->nr_uninterruptible--;
enqueue_task(rq, p, flags);
}
void deactivate_task(struct rq *rq, struct task_struct *p, int flags)
{
if (task_contributes_to_load(p))
rq->nr_uninterruptible++;
dequeue_task(rq, p, flags);
}
/*
* __normal_prio - return the priority that is based on the static prio
*/
static inline int __normal_prio(struct task_struct *p)
{
return p->static_prio;
}
/*
* Calculate the expected normal priority: i.e. priority
* without taking RT-inheritance into account. Might be
* boosted by interactivity modifiers. Changes upon fork,
* setprio syscalls, and whenever the interactivity
* estimator recalculates.
*/
static inline int normal_prio(struct task_struct *p)
{
int prio;
if (task_has_dl_policy(p))
prio = MAX_DL_PRIO-1;
else if (task_has_rt_policy(p))
prio = MAX_RT_PRIO-1 - p->rt_priority;
else
prio = __normal_prio(p);
return prio;
}
/*
* Calculate the current priority, i.e. the priority
* taken into account by the scheduler. This value might
* be boosted by RT tasks, or might be boosted by
* interactivity modifiers. Will be RT if the task got
* RT-boosted. If not then it returns p->normal_prio.
*/
static int effective_prio(struct task_struct *p)
{
p->normal_prio = normal_prio(p);
/*
* If we are RT tasks or we were boosted to RT priority,
* keep the priority unchanged. Otherwise, update priority
* to the normal priority:
*/
if (!rt_prio(p->prio))
return p->normal_prio;
return p->prio;
}
/**
* task_curr - is this task currently executing on a CPU?
* @p: the task in question.
*
* Return: 1 if the task is currently executing. 0 otherwise.
*/
inline int task_curr(const struct task_struct *p)
{
return cpu_curr(task_cpu(p)) == p;
}
/*
* switched_from, switched_to and prio_changed must _NOT_ drop rq->lock,
* use the balance_callback list if you want balancing.
*
* this means any call to check_class_changed() must be followed by a call to
* balance_callback().
*/
static inline void check_class_changed(struct rq *rq, struct task_struct *p,
const struct sched_class *prev_class,
int oldprio)
{
if (prev_class != p->sched_class) {
if (prev_class->switched_from)
prev_class->switched_from(rq, p);
p->sched_class->switched_to(rq, p);
} else if (oldprio != p->prio || dl_task(p))
p->sched_class->prio_changed(rq, p, oldprio);
}
void check_preempt_curr(struct rq *rq, struct task_struct *p, int flags)
{
const struct sched_class *class;
if (p->sched_class == rq->curr->sched_class) {
rq->curr->sched_class->check_preempt_curr(rq, p, flags);
} else {
for_each_class(class) {
if (class == rq->curr->sched_class)
break;
if (class == p->sched_class) {
resched_curr(rq);
break;
}
}
}
/*
* A queue event has occurred, and we're going to schedule. In
* this case, we can save a useless back to back clock update.
*/
if (task_on_rq_queued(rq->curr) && test_tsk_need_resched(rq->curr))
rq_clock_skip_update(rq, true);
}
#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
/*
* This is how migration works:
*
* 1) we invoke migration_cpu_stop() on the target CPU using
* stop_one_cpu().
* 2) stopper starts to run (implicitly forcing the migrated thread
* off the CPU)
* 3) it checks whether the migrated task is still in the wrong runqueue.
* 4) if it's in the wrong runqueue then the migration thread removes
* it and puts it into the right queue.
* 5) stopper completes and stop_one_cpu() returns and the migration
* is done.
*/
/*
* move_queued_task - move a queued task to new rq.
*
* Returns (locked) new rq. Old rq's lock is released.
*/
static struct rq *move_queued_task(struct rq *rq, struct rq_flags *rf,
struct task_struct *p, int new_cpu)
{
lockdep_assert_held(&rq->lock);
p->on_rq = TASK_ON_RQ_MIGRATING;
dequeue_task(rq, p, DEQUEUE_NOCLOCK);
set_task_cpu(p, new_cpu);
rq_unlock(rq, rf);
rq = cpu_rq(new_cpu);
rq_lock(rq, rf);
BUG_ON(task_cpu(p) != new_cpu);
enqueue_task(rq, p, 0);
p->on_rq = TASK_ON_RQ_QUEUED;
check_preempt_curr(rq, p, 0);
return rq;
}
struct migration_arg {
struct task_struct *task;
int dest_cpu;
};
/*
* Move (not current) task off this CPU, onto the destination CPU. We're doing
* this because either it can't run here any more (set_cpus_allowed()
* away from this CPU, or CPU going down), or because we're
* attempting to rebalance this task on exec (sched_exec).
*
* So we race with normal scheduler movements, but that's OK, as long
* as the task is no longer on this CPU.
*/
static struct rq *__migrate_task(struct rq *rq, struct rq_flags *rf,
struct task_struct *p, int dest_cpu)
{
if (p->flags & PF_KTHREAD) {
if (unlikely(!cpu_online(dest_cpu)))
return rq;
} else {
if (unlikely(!cpu_active(dest_cpu)))
return rq;
}
/* Affinity changed (again). */
if (!cpumask_test_cpu(dest_cpu, &p->cpus_allowed))
return rq;
update_rq_clock(rq);
rq = move_queued_task(rq, rf, p, dest_cpu);
return rq;
}
/*
* migration_cpu_stop - this will be executed by a highprio stopper thread
* and performs thread migration by bumping thread off CPU then
* 'pushing' onto another runqueue.
*/
static int migration_cpu_stop(void *data)
{
struct migration_arg *arg = data;
struct task_struct *p = arg->task;
struct rq *rq = this_rq();
struct rq_flags rf;
/*
* The original target CPU might have gone down and we might
* be on another CPU but it doesn't matter.
*/
local_irq_disable();
/*
* We need to explicitly wake pending tasks before running
* __migrate_task() such that we will not miss enforcing cpus_allowed
* during wakeups, see set_cpus_allowed_ptr()'s TASK_WAKING test.
*/
sched_ttwu_pending();
raw_spin_lock(&p->pi_lock);
rq_lock(rq, &rf);
/*
* If task_rq(p) != rq, it cannot be migrated here, because we're
* holding rq->lock, if p->on_rq == 0 it cannot get enqueued because
* we're holding p->pi_lock.
*/
if (task_rq(p) == rq) {
if (task_on_rq_queued(p))
rq = __migrate_task(rq, &rf, p, arg->dest_cpu);
else
p->wake_cpu = arg->dest_cpu;
}
rq_unlock(rq, &rf);
raw_spin_unlock(&p->pi_lock);
local_irq_enable();
return 0;
}
/*
* sched_class::set_cpus_allowed must do the below, but is not required to
* actually call this function.
*/
void set_cpus_allowed_common(struct task_struct *p, const struct cpumask *new_mask)
{
cpumask_copy(&p->cpus_allowed, new_mask);
p->nr_cpus_allowed = cpumask_weight(new_mask);
}
void do_set_cpus_allowed(struct task_struct *p, const struct cpumask *new_mask)
{
struct rq *rq = task_rq(p);
bool queued, running;
lockdep_assert_held(&p->pi_lock);
queued = task_on_rq_queued(p);
running = task_current(rq, p);
if (queued) {
/*
* Because __kthread_bind() calls this on blocked tasks without
* holding rq->lock.
*/
lockdep_assert_held(&rq->lock);
dequeue_task(rq, p, DEQUEUE_SAVE | DEQUEUE_NOCLOCK);
}
if (running)
put_prev_task(rq, p);
p->sched_class->set_cpus_allowed(p, new_mask);
if (queued)
enqueue_task(rq, p, ENQUEUE_RESTORE | ENQUEUE_NOCLOCK);
if (running)
set_curr_task(rq, p);
}
/*
* Change a given task's CPU affinity. Migrate the thread to a
* proper CPU and schedule it away if the CPU it's executing on
* is removed from the allowed bitmask.
*
* NOTE: the caller must have a valid reference to the task, the
* task must not exit() & deallocate itself prematurely. The
* call is not atomic; no spinlocks may be held.
*/
static int __set_cpus_allowed_ptr(struct task_struct *p,
const struct cpumask *new_mask, bool check)
{
const struct cpumask *cpu_valid_mask = cpu_active_mask;
unsigned int dest_cpu;
struct rq_flags rf;
struct rq *rq;
int ret = 0;
rq = task_rq_lock(p, &rf);
update_rq_clock(rq);
if (p->flags & PF_KTHREAD) {
/*
* Kernel threads are allowed on online && !active CPUs
*/
cpu_valid_mask = cpu_online_mask;
}
/*
* Must re-check here, to close a race against __kthread_bind(),
* sched_setaffinity() is not guaranteed to observe the flag.
*/
if (check && (p->flags & PF_NO_SETAFFINITY)) {
ret = -EINVAL;
goto out;
}
if (cpumask_equal(&p->cpus_allowed, new_mask))
goto out;
if (!cpumask_intersects(new_mask, cpu_valid_mask)) {
ret = -EINVAL;
goto out;
}
do_set_cpus_allowed(p, new_mask);
if (p->flags & PF_KTHREAD) {
/*
* For kernel threads that do indeed end up on online &&
* !active we want to ensure they are strict per-CPU threads.
*/
WARN_ON(cpumask_intersects(new_mask, cpu_online_mask) &&
!cpumask_intersects(new_mask, cpu_active_mask) &&
p->nr_cpus_allowed != 1);
}
/* Can the task run on the task's current CPU? If so, we're done */
if (cpumask_test_cpu(task_cpu(p), new_mask))
goto out;
dest_cpu = cpumask_any_and(cpu_valid_mask, new_mask);
if (task_running(rq, p) || p->state == TASK_WAKING) {
struct migration_arg arg = { p, dest_cpu };
/* Need help from migration thread: drop lock and wait. */
task_rq_unlock(rq, p, &rf);
stop_one_cpu(cpu_of(rq), migration_cpu_stop, &arg);
tlb_migrate_finish(p->mm);
return 0;
} else if (task_on_rq_queued(p)) {
/*
* OK, since we're going to drop the lock immediately
* afterwards anyway.
*/
rq = move_queued_task(rq, &rf, p, dest_cpu);
}
out:
task_rq_unlock(rq, p, &rf);
return ret;
}
int set_cpus_allowed_ptr(struct task_struct *p, const struct cpumask *new_mask)
{
return __set_cpus_allowed_ptr(p, new_mask, false);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(set_cpus_allowed_ptr);
void set_task_cpu(struct task_struct *p, unsigned int new_cpu)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_SCHED_DEBUG
/*
* We should never call set_task_cpu() on a blocked task,
* ttwu() will sort out the placement.
*/
WARN_ON_ONCE(p->state != TASK_RUNNING && p->state != TASK_WAKING &&
!p->on_rq);
/*
* Migrating fair class task must have p->on_rq = TASK_ON_RQ_MIGRATING,
* because schedstat_wait_{start,end} rebase migrating task's wait_start
* time relying on p->on_rq.
*/
WARN_ON_ONCE(p->state == TASK_RUNNING &&
p->sched_class == &fair_sched_class &&
(p->on_rq && !task_on_rq_migrating(p)));
#ifdef CONFIG_LOCKDEP
/*
* The caller should hold either p->pi_lock or rq->lock, when changing
* a task's CPU. ->pi_lock for waking tasks, rq->lock for runnable tasks.
*
* sched_move_task() holds both and thus holding either pins the cgroup,
* see task_group().
*
* Furthermore, all task_rq users should acquire both locks, see
* task_rq_lock().
*/
WARN_ON_ONCE(debug_locks && !(lockdep_is_held(&p->pi_lock) ||
lockdep_is_held(&task_rq(p)->lock)));
#endif
/*
* Clearly, migrating tasks to offline CPUs is a fairly daft thing.
*/
WARN_ON_ONCE(!cpu_online(new_cpu));
#endif
trace_sched_migrate_task(p, new_cpu);
if (task_cpu(p) != new_cpu) {
if (p->sched_class->migrate_task_rq)
p->sched_class->migrate_task_rq(p);
p->se.nr_migrations++;
perf_event_task_migrate(p);
}
__set_task_cpu(p, new_cpu);
}
static void __migrate_swap_task(struct task_struct *p, int cpu)
{
if (task_on_rq_queued(p)) {
struct rq *src_rq, *dst_rq;
struct rq_flags srf, drf;
src_rq = task_rq(p);
dst_rq = cpu_rq(cpu);
rq_pin_lock(src_rq, &srf);
rq_pin_lock(dst_rq, &drf);
p->on_rq = TASK_ON_RQ_MIGRATING;
deactivate_task(src_rq, p, 0);
set_task_cpu(p, cpu);
activate_task(dst_rq, p, 0);
p->on_rq = TASK_ON_RQ_QUEUED;
check_preempt_curr(dst_rq, p, 0);
rq_unpin_lock(dst_rq, &drf);
rq_unpin_lock(src_rq, &srf);
} else {
/*
* Task isn't running anymore; make it appear like we migrated
* it before it went to sleep. This means on wakeup we make the
* previous CPU our target instead of where it really is.
*/
p->wake_cpu = cpu;
}
}
struct migration_swap_arg {
struct task_struct *src_task, *dst_task;
int src_cpu, dst_cpu;
};
static int migrate_swap_stop(void *data)
{
struct migration_swap_arg *arg = data;
struct rq *src_rq, *dst_rq;
int ret = -EAGAIN;
if (!cpu_active(arg->src_cpu) || !cpu_active(arg->dst_cpu))
return -EAGAIN;
src_rq = cpu_rq(arg->src_cpu);
dst_rq = cpu_rq(arg->dst_cpu);
double_raw_lock(&arg->src_task->pi_lock,
&arg->dst_task->pi_lock);
double_rq_lock(src_rq, dst_rq);
if (task_cpu(arg->dst_task) != arg->dst_cpu)
goto unlock;
if (task_cpu(arg->src_task) != arg->src_cpu)
goto unlock;
if (!cpumask_test_cpu(arg->dst_cpu, &arg->src_task->cpus_allowed))
goto unlock;
if (!cpumask_test_cpu(arg->src_cpu, &arg->dst_task->cpus_allowed))
goto unlock;
__migrate_swap_task(arg->src_task, arg->dst_cpu);
__migrate_swap_task(arg->dst_task, arg->src_cpu);
ret = 0;
unlock:
double_rq_unlock(src_rq, dst_rq);
raw_spin_unlock(&arg->dst_task->pi_lock);
raw_spin_unlock(&arg->src_task->pi_lock);
return ret;
}
/*
* Cross migrate two tasks
*/
int migrate_swap(struct task_struct *cur, struct task_struct *p)
{
struct migration_swap_arg arg;
int ret = -EINVAL;
arg = (struct migration_swap_arg){
.src_task = cur,
.src_cpu = task_cpu(cur),
.dst_task = p,
.dst_cpu = task_cpu(p),
};
if (arg.src_cpu == arg.dst_cpu)
goto out;
/*
* These three tests are all lockless; this is OK since all of them
* will be re-checked with proper locks held further down the line.
*/
if (!cpu_active(arg.src_cpu) || !cpu_active(arg.dst_cpu))
goto out;
if (!cpumask_test_cpu(arg.dst_cpu, &arg.src_task->cpus_allowed))
goto out;
if (!cpumask_test_cpu(arg.src_cpu, &arg.dst_task->cpus_allowed))
goto out;
trace_sched_swap_numa(cur, arg.src_cpu, p, arg.dst_cpu);
ret = stop_two_cpus(arg.dst_cpu, arg.src_cpu, migrate_swap_stop, &arg);
out:
return ret;
}
/*
* wait_task_inactive - wait for a thread to unschedule.
*
* If @match_state is nonzero, it's the @p->state value just checked and
* not expected to change. If it changes, i.e. @p might have woken up,
* then return zero. When we succeed in waiting for @p to be off its CPU,
* we return a positive number (its total switch count). If a second call
* a short while later returns the same number, the caller can be sure that
* @p has remained unscheduled the whole time.
*
* The caller must ensure that the task *will* unschedule sometime soon,
* else this function might spin for a *long* time. This function can't
* be called with interrupts off, or it may introduce deadlock with
* smp_call_function() if an IPI is sent by the same process we are
* waiting to become inactive.
*/
unsigned long wait_task_inactive(struct task_struct *p, long match_state)
{
int running, queued;
struct rq_flags rf;
unsigned long ncsw;
struct rq *rq;
for (;;) {
/*
* We do the initial early heuristics without holding
* any task-queue locks at all. We'll only try to get
* the runqueue lock when things look like they will
* work out!
*/
rq = task_rq(p);
/*
* If the task is actively running on another CPU
* still, just relax and busy-wait without holding
* any locks.
*
* NOTE! Since we don't hold any locks, it's not
* even sure that "rq" stays as the right runqueue!
* But we don't care, since "task_running()" will
* return false if the runqueue has changed and p
* is actually now running somewhere else!
*/
while (task_running(rq, p)) {
if (match_state && unlikely(p->state != match_state))
return 0;
cpu_relax();
}
/*
* Ok, time to look more closely! We need the rq
* lock now, to be *sure*. If we're wrong, we'll
* just go back and repeat.
*/
rq = task_rq_lock(p, &rf);
trace_sched_wait_task(p);
running = task_running(rq, p);
queued = task_on_rq_queued(p);
ncsw = 0;
if (!match_state || p->state == match_state)
ncsw = p->nvcsw | LONG_MIN; /* sets MSB */
task_rq_unlock(rq, p, &rf);
/*
* If it changed from the expected state, bail out now.
*/
if (unlikely(!ncsw))
break;
/*
* Was it really running after all now that we
* checked with the proper locks actually held?
*
* Oops. Go back and try again..
*/
if (unlikely(running)) {
cpu_relax();
continue;
}
/*
* It's not enough that it's not actively running,
* it must be off the runqueue _entirely_, and not
* preempted!
*
* So if it was still runnable (but just not actively
* running right now), it's preempted, and we should
* yield - it could be a while.
*/
if (unlikely(queued)) {
ktime_t to = NSEC_PER_SEC / HZ;
set_current_state(TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE);
schedule_hrtimeout(&to, HRTIMER_MODE_REL);
continue;
}
/*
* Ahh, all good. It wasn't running, and it wasn't
* runnable, which means that it will never become
* running in the future either. We're all done!
*/
break;
}
return ncsw;
}
/***
* kick_process - kick a running thread to enter/exit the kernel
* @p: the to-be-kicked thread
*
* Cause a process which is running on another CPU to enter
* kernel-mode, without any delay. (to get signals handled.)
*
* NOTE: this function doesn't have to take the runqueue lock,
* because all it wants to ensure is that the remote task enters
* the kernel. If the IPI races and the task has been migrated
* to another CPU then no harm is done and the purpose has been
* achieved as well.
*/
void kick_process(struct task_struct *p)
{
int cpu;
preempt_disable();
cpu = task_cpu(p);
if ((cpu != smp_processor_id()) && task_curr(p))
smp_send_reschedule(cpu);
preempt_enable();
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(kick_process);
/*
* ->cpus_allowed is protected by both rq->lock and p->pi_lock
*
* A few notes on cpu_active vs cpu_online:
*
* - cpu_active must be a subset of cpu_online
*
* - on cpu-up we allow per-cpu kthreads on the online && !active cpu,
* see __set_cpus_allowed_ptr(). At this point the newly online
* CPU isn't yet part of the sched domains, and balancing will not
* see it.
*
* - on CPU-down we clear cpu_active() to mask the sched domains and
* avoid the load balancer to place new tasks on the to be removed
* CPU. Existing tasks will remain running there and will be taken
* off.
*
* This means that fallback selection must not select !active CPUs.
* And can assume that any active CPU must be online. Conversely
* select_task_rq() below may allow selection of !active CPUs in order
* to satisfy the above rules.
*/
static int select_fallback_rq(int cpu, struct task_struct *p)
{
int nid = cpu_to_node(cpu);
const struct cpumask *nodemask = NULL;
enum { cpuset, possible, fail } state = cpuset;
int dest_cpu;
/*
* If the node that the CPU is on has been offlined, cpu_to_node()
* will return -1. There is no CPU on the node, and we should
* select the CPU on the other node.
*/
if (nid != -1) {
nodemask = cpumask_of_node(nid);
/* Look for allowed, online CPU in same node. */
for_each_cpu(dest_cpu, nodemask) {
if (!cpu_active(dest_cpu))
continue;
if (cpumask_test_cpu(dest_cpu, &p->cpus_allowed))
return dest_cpu;
}
}
for (;;) {
/* Any allowed, online CPU? */
for_each_cpu(dest_cpu, &p->cpus_allowed) {
if (!(p->flags & PF_KTHREAD) && !cpu_active(dest_cpu))
continue;
if (!cpu_online(dest_cpu))
continue;
goto out;
}
/* No more Mr. Nice Guy. */
switch (state) {
case cpuset:
if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_CPUSETS)) {
cpuset_cpus_allowed_fallback(p);
state = possible;
break;
}
/* Fall-through */
case possible:
do_set_cpus_allowed(p, cpu_possible_mask);
state = fail;
break;
case fail:
BUG();
break;
}
}
out:
if (state != cpuset) {
/*
* Don't tell them about moving exiting tasks or
* kernel threads (both mm NULL), since they never
* leave kernel.
*/
if (p->mm && printk_ratelimit()) {
printk_deferred("process %d (%s) no longer affine to cpu%d\n",
task_pid_nr(p), p->comm, cpu);
}
}
return dest_cpu;
}
/*
* The caller (fork, wakeup) owns p->pi_lock, ->cpus_allowed is stable.
*/
static inline
int select_task_rq(struct task_struct *p, int cpu, int sd_flags, int wake_flags)
{
lockdep_assert_held(&p->pi_lock);
if (p->nr_cpus_allowed > 1)
cpu = p->sched_class->select_task_rq(p, cpu, sd_flags, wake_flags);
else
cpu = cpumask_any(&p->cpus_allowed);
/*
* In order not to call set_task_cpu() on a blocking task we need
* to rely on ttwu() to place the task on a valid ->cpus_allowed
* CPU.
*
* Since this is common to all placement strategies, this lives here.
*
* [ this allows ->select_task() to simply return task_cpu(p) and
* not worry about this generic constraint ]
*/
if (unlikely(!cpumask_test_cpu(cpu, &p->cpus_allowed) ||
!cpu_online(cpu)))
cpu = select_fallback_rq(task_cpu(p), p);
return cpu;
}
static void update_avg(u64 *avg, u64 sample)
{
s64 diff = sample - *avg;
*avg += diff >> 3;
}
void sched_set_stop_task(int cpu, struct task_struct *stop)
{
struct sched_param param = { .sched_priority = MAX_RT_PRIO - 1 };
struct task_struct *old_stop = cpu_rq(cpu)->stop;
if (stop) {
/*
* Make it appear like a SCHED_FIFO task, its something
* userspace knows about and won't get confused about.
*
* Also, it will make PI more or less work without too
* much confusion -- but then, stop work should not
* rely on PI working anyway.
*/
sched_setscheduler_nocheck(stop, SCHED_FIFO, &param);
stop->sched_class = &stop_sched_class;
}
cpu_rq(cpu)->stop = stop;
if (old_stop) {
/*
* Reset it back to a normal scheduling class so that
* it can die in pieces.
*/
old_stop->sched_class = &rt_sched_class;
}
}
#else
static inline int __set_cpus_allowed_ptr(struct task_struct *p,
const struct cpumask *new_mask, bool check)
{
return set_cpus_allowed_ptr(p, new_mask);
}
#endif /* CONFIG_SMP */
static void
ttwu_stat(struct task_struct *p, int cpu, int wake_flags)
{
struct rq *rq;
if (!schedstat_enabled())
return;
rq = this_rq();
#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
if (cpu == rq->cpu) {
schedstat_inc(rq->ttwu_local);
schedstat_inc(p->se.statistics.nr_wakeups_local);
} else {
struct sched_domain *sd;
schedstat_inc(p->se.statistics.nr_wakeups_remote);
rcu_read_lock();
for_each_domain(rq->cpu, sd) {
if (cpumask_test_cpu(cpu, sched_domain_span(sd))) {
schedstat_inc(sd->ttwu_wake_remote);
break;
}
}
rcu_read_unlock();
}
if (wake_flags & WF_MIGRATED)
schedstat_inc(p->se.statistics.nr_wakeups_migrate);
#endif /* CONFIG_SMP */
schedstat_inc(rq->ttwu_count);
schedstat_inc(p->se.statistics.nr_wakeups);
if (wake_flags & WF_SYNC)
schedstat_inc(p->se.statistics.nr_wakeups_sync);
}
static inline void ttwu_activate(struct rq *rq, struct task_struct *p, int en_flags)
{
activate_task(rq, p, en_flags);
p->on_rq = TASK_ON_RQ_QUEUED;
/* If a worker is waking up, notify the workqueue: */
if (p->flags & PF_WQ_WORKER)
wq_worker_waking_up(p, cpu_of(rq));
}
/*
* Mark the task runnable and perform wakeup-preemption.
*/
static void ttwu_do_wakeup(struct rq *rq, struct task_struct *p, int wake_flags,
struct rq_flags *rf)
{
check_preempt_curr(rq, p, wake_flags);
p->state = TASK_RUNNING;
trace_sched_wakeup(p);
#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
if (p->sched_class->task_woken) {
/*
* Our task @p is fully woken up and running; so its safe to
* drop the rq->lock, hereafter rq is only used for statistics.
*/
rq_unpin_lock(rq, rf);
p->sched_class->task_woken(rq, p);
rq_repin_lock(rq, rf);
}
if (rq->idle_stamp) {
u64 delta = rq_clock(rq) - rq->idle_stamp;
u64 max = 2*rq->max_idle_balance_cost;
update_avg(&rq->avg_idle, delta);
if (rq->avg_idle > max)
rq->avg_idle = max;
rq->idle_stamp = 0;
}
#endif
}
static void
ttwu_do_activate(struct rq *rq, struct task_struct *p, int wake_flags,
struct rq_flags *rf)
{
int en_flags = ENQUEUE_WAKEUP | ENQUEUE_NOCLOCK;
lockdep_assert_held(&rq->lock);
#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
if (p->sched_contributes_to_load)
rq->nr_uninterruptible--;
if (wake_flags & WF_MIGRATED)
en_flags |= ENQUEUE_MIGRATED;
#endif
ttwu_activate(rq, p, en_flags);
ttwu_do_wakeup(rq, p, wake_flags, rf);
}
/*
* Called in case the task @p isn't fully descheduled from its runqueue,
* in this case we must do a remote wakeup. Its a 'light' wakeup though,
* since all we need to do is flip p->state to TASK_RUNNING, since
* the task is still ->on_rq.
*/
static int ttwu_remote(struct task_struct *p, int wake_flags)
{
struct rq_flags rf;
struct rq *rq;
int ret = 0;
rq = __task_rq_lock(p, &rf);
if (task_on_rq_queued(p)) {
/* check_preempt_curr() may use rq clock */
update_rq_clock(rq);
ttwu_do_wakeup(rq, p, wake_flags, &rf);
ret = 1;
}
__task_rq_unlock(rq, &rf);
return ret;
}
#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
void sched_ttwu_pending(void)
{
struct rq *rq = this_rq();
struct llist_node *llist = llist_del_all(&rq->wake_list);
struct task_struct *p, *t;
struct rq_flags rf;
if (!llist)
return;
rq_lock_irqsave(rq, &rf);
update_rq_clock(rq);
llist_for_each_entry_safe(p, t, llist, wake_entry)
ttwu_do_activate(rq, p, p->sched_remote_wakeup ? WF_MIGRATED : 0, &rf);
rq_unlock_irqrestore(rq, &rf);
}
void scheduler_ipi(void)
{
/*
* Fold TIF_NEED_RESCHED into the preempt_count; anybody setting
* TIF_NEED_RESCHED remotely (for the first time) will also send
* this IPI.
*/
preempt_fold_need_resched();
if (llist_empty(&this_rq()->wake_list) && !got_nohz_idle_kick())
return;
/*
* Not all reschedule IPI handlers call irq_enter/irq_exit, since
* traditionally all their work was done from the interrupt return
* path. Now that we actually do some work, we need to make sure
* we do call them.
*
* Some archs already do call them, luckily irq_enter/exit nest
* properly.
*
* Arguably we should visit all archs and update all handlers,
* however a fair share of IPIs are still resched only so this would
* somewhat pessimize the simple resched case.
*/
irq_enter();
sched_ttwu_pending();
/*
* Check if someone kicked us for doing the nohz idle load balance.
*/
if (unlikely(got_nohz_idle_kick())) {
this_rq()->idle_balance = 1;
raise_softirq_irqoff(SCHED_SOFTIRQ);
}
irq_exit();
}
static void ttwu_queue_remote(struct task_struct *p, int cpu, int wake_flags)
{
struct rq *rq = cpu_rq(cpu);
p->sched_remote_wakeup = !!(wake_flags & WF_MIGRATED);
if (llist_add(&p->wake_entry, &cpu_rq(cpu)->wake_list)) {
if (!set_nr_if_polling(rq->idle))
smp_send_reschedule(cpu);
else
trace_sched_wake_idle_without_ipi(cpu);
}
}
void wake_up_if_idle(int cpu)
{
struct rq *rq = cpu_rq(cpu);
struct rq_flags rf;
rcu_read_lock();
if (!is_idle_task(rcu_dereference(rq->curr)))
goto out;
if (set_nr_if_polling(rq->idle)) {
trace_sched_wake_idle_without_ipi(cpu);
} else {
rq_lock_irqsave(rq, &rf);
if (is_idle_task(rq->curr))
smp_send_reschedule(cpu);
/* Else CPU is not idle, do nothing here: */
rq_unlock_irqrestore(rq, &rf);
}
out:
rcu_read_unlock();
}
bool cpus_share_cache(int this_cpu, int that_cpu)
{
return per_cpu(sd_llc_id, this_cpu) == per_cpu(sd_llc_id, that_cpu);
}
#endif /* CONFIG_SMP */
static void ttwu_queue(struct task_struct *p, int cpu, int wake_flags)
{
struct rq *rq = cpu_rq(cpu);
struct rq_flags rf;
#if defined(CONFIG_SMP)
if (sched_feat(TTWU_QUEUE) && !cpus_share_cache(smp_processor_id(), cpu)) {
sched_clock_cpu(cpu); /* Sync clocks across CPUs */
ttwu_queue_remote(p, cpu, wake_flags);
return;
}
#endif
rq_lock(rq, &rf);
update_rq_clock(rq);
ttwu_do_activate(rq, p, wake_flags, &rf);
rq_unlock(rq, &rf);
}
/*
* Notes on Program-Order guarantees on SMP systems.
*
* MIGRATION
*
* The basic program-order guarantee on SMP systems is that when a task [t]
* migrates, all its activity on its old CPU [c0] happens-before any subsequent
* execution on its new CPU [c1].
*
* For migration (of runnable tasks) this is provided by the following means:
*
* A) UNLOCK of the rq(c0)->lock scheduling out task t
* B) migration for t is required to synchronize *both* rq(c0)->lock and
* rq(c1)->lock (if not at the same time, then in that order).
* C) LOCK of the rq(c1)->lock scheduling in task
*
* Transitivity guarantees that B happens after A and C after B.
* Note: we only require RCpc transitivity.
* Note: the CPU doing B need not be c0 or c1
*
* Example:
*
* CPU0 CPU1 CPU2
*
* LOCK rq(0)->lock
* sched-out X
* sched-in Y
* UNLOCK rq(0)->lock
*
* LOCK rq(0)->lock // orders against CPU0
* dequeue X
* UNLOCK rq(0)->lock
*
* LOCK rq(1)->lock
* enqueue X
* UNLOCK rq(1)->lock
*
* LOCK rq(1)->lock // orders against CPU2
* sched-out Z
* sched-in X
* UNLOCK rq(1)->lock
*
*
* BLOCKING -- aka. SLEEP + WAKEUP
*
* For blocking we (obviously) need to provide the same guarantee as for
* migration. However the means are completely different as there is no lock
* chain to provide order. Instead we do:
*
* 1) smp_store_release(X->on_cpu, 0)
* 2) smp_cond_load_acquire(!X->on_cpu)
*
* Example:
*
* CPU0 (schedule) CPU1 (try_to_wake_up) CPU2 (schedule)
*
* LOCK rq(0)->lock LOCK X->pi_lock
* dequeue X
* sched-out X
* smp_store_release(X->on_cpu, 0);
*
* smp_cond_load_acquire(&X->on_cpu, !VAL);
* X->state = WAKING
* set_task_cpu(X,2)
*
* LOCK rq(2)->lock
* enqueue X
* X->state = RUNNING
* UNLOCK rq(2)->lock
*
* LOCK rq(2)->lock // orders against CPU1
* sched-out Z
* sched-in X
* UNLOCK rq(2)->lock
*
* UNLOCK X->pi_lock
* UNLOCK rq(0)->lock
*
*
* However; for wakeups there is a second guarantee we must provide, namely we
* must observe the state that lead to our wakeup. That is, not only must our
* task observe its own prior state, it must also observe the stores prior to
* its wakeup.
*
* This means that any means of doing remote wakeups must order the CPU doing
* the wakeup against the CPU the task is going to end up running on. This,
* however, is already required for the regular Program-Order guarantee above,
* since the waking CPU is the one issueing the ACQUIRE (smp_cond_load_acquire).
*
*/
/**
* try_to_wake_up - wake up a thread
* @p: the thread to be awakened
* @state: the mask of task states that can be woken
* @wake_flags: wake modifier flags (WF_*)
*
* If (@state & @p->state) @p->state = TASK_RUNNING.
*
* If the task was not queued/runnable, also place it back on a runqueue.
*
* Atomic against schedule() which would dequeue a task, also see
* set_current_state().
*
* Return: %true if @p->state changes (an actual wakeup was done),
* %false otherwise.
*/
static int
try_to_wake_up(struct task_struct *p, unsigned int state, int wake_flags)
{
unsigned long flags;
int cpu, success = 0;
/*
* If we are going to wake up a thread waiting for CONDITION we
* need to ensure that CONDITION=1 done by the caller can not be
* reordered with p->state check below. This pairs with mb() in
* set_current_state() the waiting thread does.
*/
raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&p->pi_lock, flags);
smp_mb__after_spinlock();
if (!(p->state & state))
goto out;
trace_sched_waking(p);
/* We're going to change ->state: */
success = 1;
cpu = task_cpu(p);
/*
* Ensure we load p->on_rq _after_ p->state, otherwise it would
* be possible to, falsely, observe p->on_rq == 0 and get stuck
* in smp_cond_load_acquire() below.
*
* sched_ttwu_pending() try_to_wake_up()
* [S] p->on_rq = 1; [L] P->state
* UNLOCK rq->lock -----.
* \
* +--- RMB
* schedule() /
* LOCK rq->lock -----'
* UNLOCK rq->lock
*
* [task p]
* [S] p->state = UNINTERRUPTIBLE [L] p->on_rq
*
* Pairs with the UNLOCK+LOCK on rq->lock from the
* last wakeup of our task and the schedule that got our task
* current.
*/
smp_rmb();
if (p->on_rq && ttwu_remote(p, wake_flags))
goto stat;
#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
/*
* Ensure we load p->on_cpu _after_ p->on_rq, otherwise it would be
* possible to, falsely, observe p->on_cpu == 0.
*
* One must be running (->on_cpu == 1) in order to remove oneself
* from the runqueue.
*
* [S] ->on_cpu = 1; [L] ->on_rq
* UNLOCK rq->lock
* RMB
* LOCK rq->lock
* [S] ->on_rq = 0; [L] ->on_cpu
*
* Pairs with the full barrier implied in the UNLOCK+LOCK on rq->lock
* from the consecutive calls to schedule(); the first switching to our
* task, the second putting it to sleep.
*/
smp_rmb();
/*
* If the owning (remote) CPU is still in the middle of schedule() with
* this task as prev, wait until its done referencing the task.
*
* Pairs with the smp_store_release() in finish_lock_switch().
*
* This ensures that tasks getting woken will be fully ordered against
* their previous state and preserve Program Order.
*/
smp_cond_load_acquire(&p->on_cpu, !VAL);
p->sched_contributes_to_load = !!task_contributes_to_load(p);
p->state = TASK_WAKING;
if (p->in_iowait) {
delayacct_blkio_end();
atomic_dec(&task_rq(p)->nr_iowait);
}
cpu = select_task_rq(p, p->wake_cpu, SD_BALANCE_WAKE, wake_flags);
if (task_cpu(p) != cpu) {
wake_flags |= WF_MIGRATED;
set_task_cpu(p, cpu);
}
#else /* CONFIG_SMP */
if (p->in_iowait) {
delayacct_blkio_end();
atomic_dec(&task_rq(p)->nr_iowait);
}
#endif /* CONFIG_SMP */
ttwu_queue(p, cpu, wake_flags);
stat:
ttwu_stat(p, cpu, wake_flags);
out:
raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&p->pi_lock, flags);
return success;
}
/**
* try_to_wake_up_local - try to wake up a local task with rq lock held
* @p: the thread to be awakened
* @rf: request-queue flags for pinning
*
* Put @p on the run-queue if it's not already there. The caller must
* ensure that this_rq() is locked, @p is bound to this_rq() and not
* the current task.
*/
static void try_to_wake_up_local(struct task_struct *p, struct rq_flags *rf)
{
struct rq *rq = task_rq(p);
if (WARN_ON_ONCE(rq != this_rq()) ||
WARN_ON_ONCE(p == current))
return;
lockdep_assert_held(&rq->lock);
if (!raw_spin_trylock(&p->pi_lock)) {
/*
* This is OK, because current is on_cpu, which avoids it being
* picked for load-balance and preemption/IRQs are still
* disabled avoiding further scheduler activity on it and we've
* not yet picked a replacement task.
*/
rq_unlock(rq, rf);
raw_spin_lock(&p->pi_lock);
rq_relock(rq, rf);
}
if (!(p->state & TASK_NORMAL))
goto out;
trace_sched_waking(p);
if (!task_on_rq_queued(p)) {
if (p->in_iowait) {
delayacct_blkio_end();
atomic_dec(&rq->nr_iowait);
}
ttwu_activate(rq, p, ENQUEUE_WAKEUP | ENQUEUE_NOCLOCK);
}
ttwu_do_wakeup(rq, p, 0, rf);
ttwu_stat(p, smp_processor_id(), 0);
out:
raw_spin_unlock(&p->pi_lock);
}
/**
* wake_up_process - Wake up a specific process
* @p: The process to be woken up.
*
* Attempt to wake up the nominated process and move it to the set of runnable
* processes.
*
* Return: 1 if the process was woken up, 0 if it was already running.
*
* It may be assumed that this function implies a write memory barrier before
* changing the task state if and only if any tasks are woken up.
*/
int wake_up_process(struct task_struct *p)
{
return try_to_wake_up(p, TASK_NORMAL, 0);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(wake_up_process);
int wake_up_state(struct task_struct *p, unsigned int state)
{
return try_to_wake_up(p, state, 0);
}
/*
* Perform scheduler related setup for a newly forked process p.
* p is forked by current.
*
* __sched_fork() is basic setup used by init_idle() too:
*/
static void __sched_fork(unsigned long clone_flags, struct task_struct *p)
{
p->on_rq = 0;
p->se.on_rq = 0;
p->se.exec_start = 0;
p->se.sum_exec_runtime = 0;
p->se.prev_sum_exec_runtime = 0;
p->se.nr_migrations = 0;
p->se.vruntime = 0;
INIT_LIST_HEAD(&p->se.group_node);
#ifdef CONFIG_FAIR_GROUP_SCHED
p->se.cfs_rq = NULL;
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_SCHEDSTATS
/* Even if schedstat is disabled, there should not be garbage */
memset(&p->se.statistics, 0, sizeof(p->se.statistics));
#endif
RB_CLEAR_NODE(&p->dl.rb_node);
init_dl_task_timer(&p->dl);
init_dl_inactive_task_timer(&p->dl);
__dl_clear_params(p);
INIT_LIST_HEAD(&p->rt.run_list);
p->rt.timeout = 0;
p->rt.time_slice = sched_rr_timeslice;
p->rt.on_rq = 0;
p->rt.on_list = 0;
#ifdef CONFIG_PREEMPT_NOTIFIERS
INIT_HLIST_HEAD(&p->preempt_notifiers);
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA_BALANCING
if (p->mm && atomic_read(&p->mm->mm_users) == 1) {
p->mm->numa_next_scan = jiffies + msecs_to_jiffies(sysctl_numa_balancing_scan_delay);
p->mm->numa_scan_seq = 0;
}
if (clone_flags & CLONE_VM)
p->numa_preferred_nid = current->numa_preferred_nid;
else
p->numa_preferred_nid = -1;
p->node_stamp = 0ULL;
p->numa_scan_seq = p->mm ? p->mm->numa_scan_seq : 0;
p->numa_scan_period = sysctl_numa_balancing_scan_delay;
p->numa_work.next = &p->numa_work;
p->numa_faults = NULL;
p->last_task_numa_placement = 0;
p->last_sum_exec_runtime = 0;
p->numa_group = NULL;
#endif /* CONFIG_NUMA_BALANCING */
}
DEFINE_STATIC_KEY_FALSE(sched_numa_balancing);
#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA_BALANCING
void set_numabalancing_state(bool enabled)
{
if (enabled)
static_branch_enable(&sched_numa_balancing);
else
static_branch_disable(&sched_numa_balancing);
}
#ifdef CONFIG_PROC_SYSCTL
int sysctl_numa_balancing(struct ctl_table *table, int write,
void __user *buffer, size_t *lenp, loff_t *ppos)
{
struct ctl_table t;
int err;
int state = static_branch_likely(&sched_numa_balancing);
if (write && !capable(CAP_SYS_ADMIN))
return -EPERM;
t = *table;
t.data = &state;
err = proc_dointvec_minmax(&t, write, buffer, lenp, ppos);
if (err < 0)
return err;
if (write)
set_numabalancing_state(state);
return err;
}
#endif
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_SCHEDSTATS
DEFINE_STATIC_KEY_FALSE(sched_schedstats);
static bool __initdata __sched_schedstats = false;
static void set_schedstats(bool enabled)
{
if (enabled)
static_branch_enable(&sched_schedstats);
else
static_branch_disable(&sched_schedstats);
}
void force_schedstat_enabled(void)
{
if (!schedstat_enabled()) {
pr_info("kernel profiling enabled schedstats, disable via kernel.sched_schedstats.\n");
static_branch_enable(&sched_schedstats);
}
}
static int __init setup_schedstats(char *str)
{
int ret = 0;
if (!str)
goto out;
/*
* This code is called before jump labels have been set up, so we can't
* change the static branch directly just yet. Instead set a temporary
* variable so init_schedstats() can do it later.
*/
if (!strcmp(str, "enable")) {
__sched_schedstats = true;
ret = 1;
} else if (!strcmp(str, "disable")) {
__sched_schedstats = false;
ret = 1;
}
out:
if (!ret)
pr_warn("Unable to parse schedstats=\n");
return ret;
}
__setup("schedstats=", setup_schedstats);
static void __init init_schedstats(void)
{
set_schedstats(__sched_schedstats);
}
#ifdef CONFIG_PROC_SYSCTL
int sysctl_schedstats(struct ctl_table *table, int write,
void __user *buffer, size_t *lenp, loff_t *ppos)
{
struct ctl_table t;
int err;
int state = static_branch_likely(&sched_schedstats);
if (write && !capable(CAP_SYS_ADMIN))
return -EPERM;
t = *table;
t.data = &state;
err = proc_dointvec_minmax(&t, write, buffer, lenp, ppos);
if (err < 0)
return err;
if (write)
set_schedstats(state);
return err;
}
#endif /* CONFIG_PROC_SYSCTL */
#else /* !CONFIG_SCHEDSTATS */
static inline void init_schedstats(void) {}
#endif /* CONFIG_SCHEDSTATS */
/*
* fork()/clone()-time setup:
*/
int sched_fork(unsigned long clone_flags, struct task_struct *p)
{
unsigned long flags;
int cpu = get_cpu();
__sched_fork(clone_flags, p);
/*
* We mark the process as NEW here. This guarantees that
* nobody will actually run it, and a signal or other external
* event cannot wake it up and insert it on the runqueue either.
*/
p->state = TASK_NEW;
/*
* Make sure we do not leak PI boosting priority to the child.
*/
p->prio = current->normal_prio;
/*
* Revert to default priority/policy on fork if requested.
*/
if (unlikely(p->sched_reset_on_fork)) {
if (task_has_dl_policy(p) || task_has_rt_policy(p)) {
p->policy = SCHED_NORMAL;
p->static_prio = NICE_TO_PRIO(0);
p->rt_priority = 0;
} else if (PRIO_TO_NICE(p->static_prio) < 0)
p->static_prio = NICE_TO_PRIO(0);
p->prio = p->normal_prio = __normal_prio(p);
set_load_weight(p);
/*
* We don't need the reset flag anymore after the fork. It has
* fulfilled its duty:
*/
p->sched_reset_on_fork = 0;
}
if (dl_prio(p->prio)) {
put_cpu();
return -EAGAIN;
} else if (rt_prio(p->prio)) {
p->sched_class = &rt_sched_class;
} else {
p->sched_class = &fair_sched_class;
}
init_entity_runnable_average(&p->se);
/*
* The child is not yet in the pid-hash so no cgroup attach races,
* and the cgroup is pinned to this child due to cgroup_fork()
* is ran before sched_fork().
*
* Silence PROVE_RCU.
*/
raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&p->pi_lock, flags);
/*
* We're setting the CPU for the first time, we don't migrate,
* so use __set_task_cpu().
*/
__set_task_cpu(p, cpu);
if (p->sched_class->task_fork)
p->sched_class->task_fork(p);
raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&p->pi_lock, flags);
#ifdef CONFIG_SCHED_INFO
if (likely(sched_info_on()))
memset(&p->sched_info, 0, sizeof(p->sched_info));
#endif
#if defined(CONFIG_SMP)
p->on_cpu = 0;
#endif
init_task_preempt_count(p);
#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
plist_node_init(&p->pushable_tasks, MAX_PRIO);
RB_CLEAR_NODE(&p->pushable_dl_tasks);
#endif
put_cpu();
return 0;
}
unsigned long to_ratio(u64 period, u64 runtime)
{
if (runtime == RUNTIME_INF)
return BW_UNIT;
/*
* Doing this here saves a lot of checks in all
* the calling paths, and returning zero seems
* safe for them anyway.
*/
if (period == 0)
return 0;
return div64_u64(runtime << BW_SHIFT, period);
}
/*
* wake_up_new_task - wake up a newly created task for the first time.
*
* This function will do some initial scheduler statistics housekeeping
* that must be done for every newly created context, then puts the task
* on the runqueue and wakes it.
*/
void wake_up_new_task(struct task_struct *p)
{
struct rq_flags rf;
struct rq *rq;
raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&p->pi_lock, rf.flags);
p->state = TASK_RUNNING;
#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
/*
* Fork balancing, do it here and not earlier because:
* - cpus_allowed can change in the fork path
* - any previously selected CPU might disappear through hotplug
*
* Use __set_task_cpu() to avoid calling sched_class::migrate_task_rq,
* as we're not fully set-up yet.
*/
__set_task_cpu(p, select_task_rq(p, task_cpu(p), SD_BALANCE_FORK, 0));
#endif
rq = __task_rq_lock(p, &rf);
update_rq_clock(rq);
post_init_entity_util_avg(&p->se);
activate_task(rq, p, ENQUEUE_NOCLOCK);
p->on_rq = TASK_ON_RQ_QUEUED;
trace_sched_wakeup_new(p);
check_preempt_curr(rq, p, WF_FORK);
#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
if (p->sched_class->task_woken) {
/*
* Nothing relies on rq->lock after this, so its fine to
* drop it.
*/
rq_unpin_lock(rq, &rf);
p->sched_class->task_woken(rq, p);
rq_repin_lock(rq, &rf);
}
#endif
task_rq_unlock(rq, p, &rf);
}
#ifdef CONFIG_PREEMPT_NOTIFIERS
static struct static_key preempt_notifier_key = STATIC_KEY_INIT_FALSE;
void preempt_notifier_inc(void)
{
static_key_slow_inc(&preempt_notifier_key);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(preempt_notifier_inc);
void preempt_notifier_dec(void)
{
static_key_slow_dec(&preempt_notifier_key);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(preempt_notifier_dec);
/**
* preempt_notifier_register - tell me when current is being preempted & rescheduled
* @notifier: notifier struct to register
*/
void preempt_notifier_register(struct preempt_notifier *notifier)
{
if (!static_key_false(&preempt_notifier_key))
WARN(1, "registering preempt_notifier while notifiers disabled\n");
hlist_add_head(&notifier->link, &current->preempt_notifiers);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(preempt_notifier_register);
/**
* preempt_notifier_unregister - no longer interested in preemption notifications
* @notifier: notifier struct to unregister
*
* This is *not* safe to call from within a preemption notifier.
*/
void preempt_notifier_unregister(struct preempt_notifier *notifier)
{
hlist_del(&notifier->link);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(preempt_notifier_unregister);
static void __fire_sched_in_preempt_notifiers(struct task_struct *curr)
{
struct preempt_notifier *notifier;
hlist_for_each_entry(notifier, &curr->preempt_notifiers, link)
notifier->ops->sched_in(notifier, raw_smp_processor_id());
}
static __always_inline void fire_sched_in_preempt_notifiers(struct task_struct *curr)
{
if (static_key_false(&preempt_notifier_key))
__fire_sched_in_preempt_notifiers(curr);
}
static void
__fire_sched_out_preempt_notifiers(struct task_struct *curr,
struct task_struct *next)
{
struct preempt_notifier *notifier;
hlist_for_each_entry(notifier, &curr->preempt_notifiers, link)
notifier->ops->sched_out(notifier, next);
}
static __always_inline void
fire_sched_out_preempt_notifiers(struct task_struct *curr,
struct task_struct *next)
{
if (static_key_false(&preempt_notifier_key))
__fire_sched_out_preempt_notifiers(curr, next);
}
#else /* !CONFIG_PREEMPT_NOTIFIERS */
static inline void fire_sched_in_preempt_notifiers(struct task_struct *curr)
{
}
static inline void
fire_sched_out_preempt_notifiers(struct task_struct *curr,
struct task_struct *next)
{
}
#endif /* CONFIG_PREEMPT_NOTIFIERS */
/**
* prepare_task_switch - prepare to switch tasks
* @rq: the runqueue preparing to switch
* @prev: the current task that is being switched out
* @next: the task we are going to switch to.
*
* This is called with the rq lock held and interrupts off. It must
* be paired with a subsequent finish_task_switch after the context
* switch.
*
* prepare_task_switch sets up locking and calls architecture specific
* hooks.
*/
static inline void
prepare_task_switch(struct rq *rq, struct task_struct *prev,
struct task_struct *next)
{
sched_info_switch(rq, prev, next);
perf_event_task_sched_out(prev, next);
fire_sched_out_preempt_notifiers(prev, next);
prepare_lock_switch(rq, next);
prepare_arch_switch(next);
}
/**
* finish_task_switch - clean up after a task-switch
* @prev: the thread we just switched away from.
*
* finish_task_switch must be called after the context switch, paired
* with a prepare_task_switch call before the context switch.
* finish_task_switch will reconcile locking set up by prepare_task_switch,
* and do any other architecture-specific cleanup actions.
*
* Note that we may have delayed dropping an mm in context_switch(). If
* so, we finish that here outside of the runqueue lock. (Doing it
* with the lock held can cause deadlocks; see schedule() for
* details.)
*
* The context switch have flipped the stack from under us and restored the
* local variables which were saved when this task called schedule() in the
* past. prev == current is still correct but we need to recalculate this_rq
* because prev may have moved to another CPU.
*/
static struct rq *finish_task_switch(struct task_struct *prev)
__releases(rq->lock)
{
struct rq *rq = this_rq();
struct mm_struct *mm = rq->prev_mm;
long prev_state;
/*
* The previous task will have left us with a preempt_count of 2
* because it left us after:
*
* schedule()
* preempt_disable(); // 1
* __schedule()
* raw_spin_lock_irq(&rq->lock) // 2
*
* Also, see FORK_PREEMPT_COUNT.
*/
if (WARN_ONCE(preempt_count() != 2*PREEMPT_DISABLE_OFFSET,
"corrupted preempt_count: %s/%d/0x%x\n",
current->comm, current->pid, preempt_count()))
preempt_count_set(FORK_PREEMPT_COUNT);
rq->prev_mm = NULL;
/*
* A task struct has one reference for the use as "current".
* If a task dies, then it sets TASK_DEAD in tsk->state and calls
* schedule one last time. The schedule call will never return, and
* the scheduled task must drop that reference.
*
* We must observe prev->state before clearing prev->on_cpu (in
* finish_lock_switch), otherwise a concurrent wakeup can get prev
* running on another CPU and we could rave with its RUNNING -> DEAD
* transition, resulting in a double drop.
*/
prev_state = prev->state;
vtime_task_switch(prev);
perf_event_task_sched_in(prev, current);
/*
* The membarrier system call requires a full memory barrier
* after storing to rq->curr, before going back to user-space.
*
* TODO: This smp_mb__after_unlock_lock can go away if PPC end
* up adding a full barrier to switch_mm(), or we should figure
* out if a smp_mb__after_unlock_lock is really the proper API
* to use.
*/
smp_mb__after_unlock_lock();
finish_lock_switch(rq, prev);
finish_arch_post_lock_switch();
fire_sched_in_preempt_notifiers(current);
if (mm)
mmdrop(mm);
if (unlikely(prev_state == TASK_DEAD)) {
if (prev->sched_class->task_dead)
prev->sched_class->task_dead(prev);
/*
* Remove function-return probe instances associated with this
* task and put them back on the free list.
*/
kprobe_flush_task(prev);
/* Task is done with its stack. */
put_task_stack(prev);
put_task_struct(prev);
}
tick_nohz_task_switch();
return rq;
}
#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
/* rq->lock is NOT held, but preemption is disabled */
static void __balance_callback(struct rq *rq)
{
struct callback_head *head, *next;
void (*func)(struct rq *rq);
unsigned long flags;
raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&rq->lock, flags);
head = rq->balance_callback;
rq->balance_callback = NULL;
while (head) {
func = (void (*)(struct rq *))head->func;
next = head->next;
head->next = NULL;
head = next;
func(rq);
}
raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&rq->lock, flags);
}
static inline void balance_callback(struct rq *rq)
{
if (unlikely(rq->balance_callback))
__balance_callback(rq);
}
#else
static inline void balance_callback(struct rq *rq)
{
}
#endif
/**
* schedule_tail - first thing a freshly forked thread must call.
* @prev: the thread we just switched away from.
*/
asmlinkage __visible void schedule_tail(struct task_struct *prev)
__releases(rq->lock)
{
struct rq *rq;
/*
* New tasks start with FORK_PREEMPT_COUNT, see there and
* finish_task_switch() for details.
*
* finish_task_switch() will drop rq->lock() and lower preempt_count
* and the preempt_enable() will end up enabling preemption (on
* PREEMPT_COUNT kernels).
*/
rq = finish_task_switch(prev);
balance_callback(rq);
preempt_enable();
if (current->set_child_tid)
put_user(task_pid_vnr(current), current->set_child_tid);
}
/*
* context_switch - switch to the new MM and the new thread's register state.
*/
static __always_inline struct rq *
context_switch(struct rq *rq, struct task_struct *prev,
struct task_struct *next, struct rq_flags *rf)
{
struct mm_struct *mm, *oldmm;
prepare_task_switch(rq, prev, next);
mm = next->mm;
oldmm = prev->active_mm;
/*
* For paravirt, this is coupled with an exit in switch_to to
* combine the page table reload and the switch backend into
* one hypercall.
*/
arch_start_context_switch(prev);
if (!mm) {
next->active_mm = oldmm;
mmgrab(oldmm);
enter_lazy_tlb(oldmm, next);
} else
switch_mm_irqs_off(oldmm, mm, next);
if (!prev->mm) {
prev->active_mm = NULL;
rq->prev_mm = oldmm;
}
rq->clock_update_flags &= ~(RQCF_ACT_SKIP|RQCF_REQ_SKIP);
/*
* Since the runqueue lock will be released by the next
* task (which is an invalid locking op but in the case
* of the scheduler it's an obvious special-case), so we
* do an early lockdep release here:
*/
rq_unpin_lock(rq, rf);
spin_release(&rq->lock.dep_map, 1, _THIS_IP_);
/* Here we just switch the register state and the stack. */
switch_to(prev, next, prev);
barrier();
return finish_task_switch(prev);
}
/*
* nr_running and nr_context_switches:
*
* externally visible scheduler statistics: current number of runnable
* threads, total number of context switches performed since bootup.
*/
unsigned long nr_running(void)
{
unsigned long i, sum = 0;
for_each_online_cpu(i)
sum += cpu_rq(i)->nr_running;
return sum;
}
/*
* Check if only the current task is running on the CPU.
*
* Caution: this function does not check that the caller has disabled
* preemption, thus the result might have a time-of-check-to-time-of-use
* race. The caller is responsible to use it correctly, for example:
*
* - from a non-preemptable section (of course)
*
* - from a thread that is bound to a single CPU
*
* - in a loop with very short iterations (e.g. a polling loop)
*/
bool single_task_running(void)
{
return raw_rq()->nr_running == 1;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(single_task_running);
unsigned long long nr_context_switches(void)
{
int i;
unsigned long long sum = 0;
for_each_possible_cpu(i)
sum += cpu_rq(i)->nr_switches;
return sum;
}
/*
* IO-wait accounting, and how its mostly bollocks (on SMP).
*
* The idea behind IO-wait account is to account the idle time that we could
* have spend running if it were not for IO. That is, if we were to improve the
* storage performance, we'd have a proportional reduction in IO-wait time.
*
* This all works nicely on UP, where, when a task blocks on IO, we account
* idle time as IO-wait, because if the storage were faster, it could've been
* running and we'd not be idle.
*
* This has been extended to SMP, by doing the same for each CPU. This however
* is broken.
*
* Imagine for instance the case where two tasks block on one CPU, only the one
* CPU will have IO-wait accounted, while the other has regular idle. Even
* though, if the storage were faster, both could've ran at the same time,
* utilising both CPUs.
*
* This means, that when looking globally, the current IO-wait accounting on
* SMP is a lower bound, by reason of under accounting.
*
* Worse, since the numbers are provided per CPU, they are sometimes
* interpreted per CPU, and that is nonsensical. A blocked task isn't strictly
* associated with any one particular CPU, it can wake to another CPU than it
* blocked on. This means the per CPU IO-wait number is meaningless.
*
* Task CPU affinities can make all that even more 'interesting'.
*/
unsigned long nr_iowait(void)
{
unsigned long i, sum = 0;
for_each_possible_cpu(i)
sum += atomic_read(&cpu_rq(i)->nr_iowait);
return sum;
}
/*
* Consumers of these two interfaces, like for example the cpufreq menu
* governor are using nonsensical data. Boosting frequency for a CPU that has
* IO-wait which might not even end up running the task when it does become
* runnable.
*/
unsigned long nr_iowait_cpu(int cpu)
{
struct rq *this = cpu_rq(cpu);
return atomic_read(&this->nr_iowait);
}
void get_iowait_load(unsigned long *nr_waiters, unsigned long *load)
{
struct rq *rq = this_rq();
*nr_waiters = atomic_read(&rq->nr_iowait);
*load = rq->load.weight;
}
#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
/*
* sched_exec - execve() is a valuable balancing opportunity, because at
* this point the task has the smallest effective memory and cache footprint.
*/
void sched_exec(void)
{
struct task_struct *p = current;
unsigned long flags;
int dest_cpu;
raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&p->pi_lock, flags);
dest_cpu = p->sched_class->select_task_rq(p, task_cpu(p), SD_BALANCE_EXEC, 0);
if (dest_cpu == smp_processor_id())
goto unlock;
if (likely(cpu_active(dest_cpu))) {
struct migration_arg arg = { p, dest_cpu };
raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&p->pi_lock, flags);
stop_one_cpu(task_cpu(p), migration_cpu_stop, &arg);
return;
}
unlock:
raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&p->pi_lock, flags);
}
#endif
DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct kernel_stat, kstat);
DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct kernel_cpustat, kernel_cpustat);
EXPORT_PER_CPU_SYMBOL(kstat);
EXPORT_PER_CPU_SYMBOL(kernel_cpustat);
/*
* The function fair_sched_class.update_curr accesses the struct curr
* and its field curr->exec_start; when called from task_sched_runtime(),
* we observe a high rate of cache misses in practice.
* Prefetching this data results in improved performance.
*/
static inline void prefetch_curr_exec_start(struct task_struct *p)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_FAIR_GROUP_SCHED
struct sched_entity *curr = (&p->se)->cfs_rq->curr;
#else
struct sched_entity *curr = (&task_rq(p)->cfs)->curr;
#endif
prefetch(curr);
prefetch(&curr->exec_start);
}
/*
* Return accounted runtime for the task.
* In case the task is currently running, return the runtime plus current's
* pending runtime that have not been accounted yet.
*/
unsigned long long task_sched_runtime(struct task_struct *p)
{
struct rq_flags rf;
struct rq *rq;
u64 ns;
#if defined(CONFIG_64BIT) && defined(CONFIG_SMP)
/*
* 64-bit doesn't need locks to atomically read a 64bit value.
* So we have a optimization chance when the task's delta_exec is 0.
* Reading ->on_cpu is racy, but this is ok.
*
* If we race with it leaving CPU, we'll take a lock. So we're correct.
* If we race with it entering CPU, unaccounted time is 0. This is
* indistinguishable from the read occurring a few cycles earlier.
* If we see ->on_cpu without ->on_rq, the task is leaving, and has
* been accounted, so we're correct here as well.
*/
if (!p->on_cpu || !task_on_rq_queued(p))
return p->se.sum_exec_runtime;
#endif
rq = task_rq_lock(p, &rf);
/*
* Must be ->curr _and_ ->on_rq. If dequeued, we would
* project cycles that may never be accounted to this
* thread, breaking clock_gettime().
*/
if (task_current(rq, p) && task_on_rq_queued(p)) {
prefetch_curr_exec_start(p);
update_rq_clock(rq);
p->sched_class->update_curr(rq);
}
ns = p->se.sum_exec_runtime;
task_rq_unlock(rq, p, &rf);
return ns;
}
/*
* This function gets called by the timer code, with HZ frequency.
* We call it with interrupts disabled.
*/
void scheduler_tick(void)
{
int cpu = smp_processor_id();
struct rq *rq = cpu_rq(cpu);
struct task_struct *curr = rq->curr;
struct rq_flags rf;
sched_clock_tick();
rq_lock(rq, &rf);
update_rq_clock(rq);
curr->sched_class->task_tick(rq, curr, 0);
cpu_load_update_active(rq);
calc_global_load_tick(rq);
rq_unlock(rq, &rf);
perf_event_task_tick();
#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
rq->idle_balance = idle_cpu(cpu);
trigger_load_balance(rq);
#endif
rq_last_tick_reset(rq);
}
#ifdef CONFIG_NO_HZ_FULL
/**
* scheduler_tick_max_deferment
*
* Keep at least one tick per second when a single
* active task is running because the scheduler doesn't
* yet completely support full dynticks environment.
*
* This makes sure that uptime, CFS vruntime, load
* balancing, etc... continue to move forward, even
* with a very low granularity.
*
* Return: Maximum deferment in nanoseconds.
*/
u64 scheduler_tick_max_deferment(void)
{
struct rq *rq = this_rq();
unsigned long next, now = READ_ONCE(jiffies);
next = rq->last_sched_tick + HZ;
if (time_before_eq(next, now))
return 0;
return jiffies_to_nsecs(next - now);
}
#endif
#if defined(CONFIG_PREEMPT) && (defined(CONFIG_DEBUG_PREEMPT) || \
defined(CONFIG_PREEMPT_TRACER))
/*
* If the value passed in is equal to the current preempt count
* then we just disabled preemption. Start timing the latency.
*/
static inline void preempt_latency_start(int val)
{
if (preempt_count() == val) {
unsigned long ip = get_lock_parent_ip();
#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_PREEMPT
current->preempt_disable_ip = ip;
#endif
trace_preempt_off(CALLER_ADDR0, ip);
}
}
void preempt_count_add(int val)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_PREEMPT
/*
* Underflow?
*/
if (DEBUG_LOCKS_WARN_ON((preempt_count() < 0)))
return;
#endif
__preempt_count_add(val);
#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_PREEMPT
/*
* Spinlock count overflowing soon?
*/
DEBUG_LOCKS_WARN_ON((preempt_count() & PREEMPT_MASK) >=
PREEMPT_MASK - 10);
#endif
preempt_latency_start(val);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(preempt_count_add);
NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(preempt_count_add);
/*
* If the value passed in equals to the current preempt count
* then we just enabled preemption. Stop timing the latency.
*/
static inline void preempt_latency_stop(int val)
{
if (preempt_count() == val)
trace_preempt_on(CALLER_ADDR0, get_lock_parent_ip());
}
void preempt_count_sub(int val)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_PREEMPT
/*
* Underflow?
*/
if (DEBUG_LOCKS_WARN_ON(val > preempt_count()))
return;
/*
* Is the spinlock portion underflowing?
*/
if (DEBUG_LOCKS_WARN_ON((val < PREEMPT_MASK) &&
!(preempt_count() & PREEMPT_MASK)))
return;
#endif
preempt_latency_stop(val);
__preempt_count_sub(val);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(preempt_count_sub);
NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(preempt_count_sub);
#else
static inline void preempt_latency_start(int val) { }
static inline void preempt_latency_stop(int val) { }
#endif
static inline unsigned long get_preempt_disable_ip(struct task_struct *p)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_PREEMPT
return p->preempt_disable_ip;
#else
return 0;
#endif
}
/*
* Print scheduling while atomic bug:
*/
static noinline void __schedule_bug(struct task_struct *prev)
{
/* Save this before calling printk(), since that will clobber it */
unsigned long preempt_disable_ip = get_preempt_disable_ip(current);
if (oops_in_progress)
return;
printk(KERN_ERR "BUG: scheduling while atomic: %s/%d/0x%08x\n",
prev->comm, prev->pid, preempt_count());
debug_show_held_locks(prev);
print_modules();
if (irqs_disabled())
print_irqtrace_events(prev);
if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_DEBUG_PREEMPT)
&& in_atomic_preempt_off()) {
pr_err("Preemption disabled at:");
print_ip_sym(preempt_disable_ip);
pr_cont("\n");
}
if (panic_on_warn)
panic("scheduling while atomic\n");
dump_stack();
add_taint(TAINT_WARN, LOCKDEP_STILL_OK);
}
/*
* Various schedule()-time debugging checks and statistics:
*/
static inline void schedule_debug(struct task_struct *prev)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_SCHED_STACK_END_CHECK
if (task_stack_end_corrupted(prev))
panic("corrupted stack end detected inside scheduler\n");
#endif
if (unlikely(in_atomic_preempt_off())) {
__schedule_bug(prev);
preempt_count_set(PREEMPT_DISABLED);
}
rcu_sleep_check();
profile_hit(SCHED_PROFILING, __builtin_return_address(0));
schedstat_inc(this_rq()->sched_count);
}
/*
* Pick up the highest-prio task:
*/
static inline struct task_struct *
pick_next_task(struct rq *rq, struct task_struct *prev, struct rq_flags *rf)
{
const struct sched_class *class;
struct task_struct *p;
/*
* Optimization: we know that if all tasks are in the fair class we can
* call that function directly, but only if the @prev task wasn't of a
* higher scheduling class, because otherwise those loose the
* opportunity to pull in more work from other CPUs.
*/
if (likely((prev->sched_class == &idle_sched_class ||
prev->sched_class == &fair_sched_class) &&
rq->nr_running == rq->cfs.h_nr_running)) {
p = fair_sched_class.pick_next_task(rq, prev, rf);
if (unlikely(p == RETRY_TASK))
goto again;
/* Assumes fair_sched_class->next == idle_sched_class */
if (unlikely(!p))
p = idle_sched_class.pick_next_task(rq, prev, rf);
return p;
}
again:
for_each_class(class) {
p = class->pick_next_task(rq, prev, rf);
if (p) {
if (unlikely(p == RETRY_TASK))
goto again;
return p;
}
}
/* The idle class should always have a runnable task: */
BUG();
}
/*
* __schedule() is the main scheduler function.
*
* The main means of driving the scheduler and thus entering this function are:
*
* 1. Explicit blocking: mutex, semaphore, waitqueue, etc.
*
* 2. TIF_NEED_RESCHED flag is checked on interrupt and userspace return
* paths. For example, see arch/x86/entry_64.S.
*
* To drive preemption between tasks, the scheduler sets the flag in timer
* interrupt handler scheduler_tick().
*
* 3. Wakeups don't really cause entry into schedule(). They add a
* task to the run-queue and that's it.
*
* Now, if the new task added to the run-queue preempts the current
* task, then the wakeup sets TIF_NEED_RESCHED and schedule() gets
* called on the nearest possible occasion:
*
* - If the kernel is preemptible (CONFIG_PREEMPT=y):
*
* - in syscall or exception context, at the next outmost
* preempt_enable(). (this might be as soon as the wake_up()'s
* spin_unlock()!)
*
* - in IRQ context, return from interrupt-handler to
* preemptible context
*
* - If the kernel is not preemptible (CONFIG_PREEMPT is not set)
* then at the next:
*
* - cond_resched() call
* - explicit schedule() call
* - return from syscall or exception to user-space
* - return from interrupt-handler to user-space
*
* WARNING: must be called with preemption disabled!
*/
static void __sched notrace __schedule(bool preempt)
{
struct task_struct *prev, *next;
unsigned long *switch_count;
struct rq_flags rf;
struct rq *rq;
int cpu;
cpu = smp_processor_id();
rq = cpu_rq(cpu);
prev = rq->curr;
schedule_debug(prev);
if (sched_feat(HRTICK))
hrtick_clear(rq);
local_irq_disable();
rcu_note_context_switch(preempt);
/*
* Make sure that signal_pending_state()->signal_pending() below
* can't be reordered with __set_current_state(TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE)
* done by the caller to avoid the race with signal_wake_up().
*/
rq_lock(rq, &rf);
smp_mb__after_spinlock();
/* Promote REQ to ACT */
rq->clock_update_flags <<= 1;
update_rq_clock(rq);
switch_count = &prev->nivcsw;
if (!preempt && prev->state) {
if (unlikely(signal_pending_state(prev->state, prev))) {
prev->state = TASK_RUNNING;
} else {
deactivate_task(rq, prev, DEQUEUE_SLEEP | DEQUEUE_NOCLOCK);
prev->on_rq = 0;
if (prev->in_iowait) {
atomic_inc(&rq->nr_iowait);
delayacct_blkio_start();
}
/*
* If a worker went to sleep, notify and ask workqueue
* whether it wants to wake up a task to maintain
* concurrency.
*/
if (prev->flags & PF_WQ_WORKER) {
struct task_struct *to_wakeup;
to_wakeup = wq_worker_sleeping(prev);
if (to_wakeup)
try_to_wake_up_local(to_wakeup, &rf);
}
}
switch_count = &prev->nvcsw;
}
next = pick_next_task(rq, prev, &rf);
clear_tsk_need_resched(prev);
clear_preempt_need_resched();
if (likely(prev != next)) {
rq->nr_switches++;
rq->curr = next;
/*
* The membarrier system call requires each architecture
* to have a full memory barrier after updating
* rq->curr, before returning to user-space. For TSO
* (e.g. x86), the architecture must provide its own
* barrier in switch_mm(). For weakly ordered machines
* for which spin_unlock() acts as a full memory
* barrier, finish_lock_switch() in common code takes
* care of this barrier. For weakly ordered machines for
* which spin_unlock() acts as a RELEASE barrier (only
* arm64 and PowerPC), arm64 has a full barrier in
* switch_to(), and PowerPC has
* smp_mb__after_unlock_lock() before
* finish_lock_switch().
*/
++*switch_count;
trace_sched_switch(preempt, prev, next);
/* Also unlocks the rq: */
rq = context_switch(rq, prev, next, &rf);
} else {
rq->clock_update_flags &= ~(RQCF_ACT_SKIP|RQCF_REQ_SKIP);
rq_unlock_irq(rq, &rf);
}
balance_callback(rq);
}
void __noreturn do_task_dead(void)
{
/*
* The setting of TASK_RUNNING by try_to_wake_up() may be delayed
* when the following two conditions become true.
* - There is race condition of mmap_sem (It is acquired by
* exit_mm()), and
* - SMI occurs before setting TASK_RUNINNG.
* (or hypervisor of virtual machine switches to other guest)
* As a result, we may become TASK_RUNNING after becoming TASK_DEAD
*
* To avoid it, we have to wait for releasing tsk->pi_lock which
* is held by try_to_wake_up()
*/
raw_spin_lock_irq(&current->pi_lock);
raw_spin_unlock_irq(&current->pi_lock);
/* Causes final put_task_struct in finish_task_switch(): */
__set_current_state(TASK_DEAD);
/* Tell freezer to ignore us: */
current->flags |= PF_NOFREEZE;
__schedule(false);
BUG();
/* Avoid "noreturn function does return" - but don't continue if BUG() is a NOP: */
for (;;)
cpu_relax();
}
static inline void sched_submit_work(struct task_struct *tsk)
{
if (!tsk->state || tsk_is_pi_blocked(tsk))
return;
/*
* If we are going to sleep and we have plugged IO queued,
* make sure to submit it to avoid deadlocks.
*/
if (blk_needs_flush_plug(tsk))
blk_schedule_flush_plug(tsk);
}
asmlinkage __visible void __sched schedule(void)
{
struct task_struct *tsk = current;
sched_submit_work(tsk);
do {
preempt_disable();
__schedule(false);
sched_preempt_enable_no_resched();
} while (need_resched());
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(schedule);
/*
* synchronize_rcu_tasks() makes sure that no task is stuck in preempted
* state (have scheduled out non-voluntarily) by making sure that all
* tasks have either left the run queue or have gone into user space.
* As idle tasks do not do either, they must not ever be preempted
* (schedule out non-voluntarily).
*
* schedule_idle() is similar to schedule_preempt_disable() except that it
* never enables preemption because it does not call sched_submit_work().
*/
void __sched schedule_idle(void)
{
/*
* As this skips calling sched_submit_work(), which the idle task does
* regardless because that function is a nop when the task is in a
* TASK_RUNNING state, make sure this isn't used someplace that the
* current task can be in any other state. Note, idle is always in the
* TASK_RUNNING state.
*/
WARN_ON_ONCE(current->state);
do {
__schedule(false);
} while (need_resched());
}
#ifdef CONFIG_CONTEXT_TRACKING