This document provides instructions to create a disk image needed to run the NPB tests with gem5 and points to the gem5 configuration files needed to run these tests. The NAS parallel benchmarks (NPB) are high performance computing (HPC) workloads consisting of different kernels and pseudo applications:
Kernels:
Pseudo Applications:
There are different classes (A,B,C,D,E and F) of each workload based on the input data size. Detailed discussion of the data sizes is available here.
We make use of a modified source of the NPB suite for these tests, which can be found in disk-images/npb/npb-hooks. We have added ROI (region of interest) annotations for each benchmark which is used by gem5 to separate simulation statistics between different regions of each benchmark. gem5 magic instructions are used before and after each ROI to exit the guest and transfer control to gem5 the gem5 configuration script. This can then dump and reset stats, or switch to cpus of interest.
We assume the following directory structure while following the instructions in this README file:
npb/ |___ gem5/ # gem5 source code | |___ disk-image/ | |___ shared/ # Auxiliary files needed for disk creation | |___ npb/ | |___ npb-image/ # Will be created once the disk is generated | | |___ npb # The generated disk image | |___ npb.json # The Packer script to build the disk image | |___ runscript.sh # Executes a user provided script in simulated guest | |___ post-installation.sh # Moves runscript.sh to guest's .bashrc | |___ npb-install.sh # Compiles NPB inside the generated disk image | |___ npb-hooks # The NPB source (modified to function better with gem5). | |___ configs | |___ system # gem5 system config files | |___ run_npb.py # gem5 run script to run NPB tests | |___ linux # Linux source and binary will live here | |___ README.md # This README file
Assuming that you are in the src/npb/ directory (the directory containing this README), first build m5 (which is needed to create the disk image):
git clone https://gem5.googlesource.com/public/gem5 cd gem5/util/m5 scons build/x86/out/m5
Next,
cd disk-image # if packer is not already installed wget https://releases.hashicorp.com/packer/1.6.0/packer_1.6.0_linux_amd64.zip unzip packer_1.6.0_linux_amd64.zip # validate the packer script ./packer validate npb/npb.json # build the disk image ./packer build npb/npb.json
Once this process succeeds, the created disk image can be found on npb/npb-image/npb. A disk image already created following the above instructions can be found, gzipped, here.
The gem5 scripts which configure the system and run simulation are available in configs-npb-tests/. The main script run_npb.py expects following arguments:
kernel: path to the Linux kernel. This disk image has been tested with version 4.19.83, available at http://dist.gem5.org/dist/v21-1/kernels/x86/static/vmlinux-4.19.83. More info on building Linux Kernels can be found in the src/linux-kernels directory.
disk: path to the npb disk image.
cpu: CPU model (kvm, atomic, timing).
mem_sys: memory system (classic, MI_example, MESI_Two_Level, or MOESI_CMP_directory).
benchmark: NPB benchmark to execute (bt.A.x, cg.A.x, ep.A.x, ft.A.x, is.A.x, lu.A.x, mg.A.x, sp.A.x).
Note: We have only tested class A of the NPB suite, though A,B,C and D of NPB are available in the disk image For example, for build class F of the bt benchmark bt.F.x can be specified (replacinv A with F from above).
num_cpus: number of CPU cores.
An example of how to use these scripts:
gem5/build/X86/gem5.opt configs/run_npb.py <kernel> <disk> <cpu> <mem_sys> <benchmark> <num_cpus>
The working status of these tests for gem5-20 can be found here.