/*
 * Copyright (c) 2021 The Regents of the University of California.
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
 * met: redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer;
 * redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution;
 * neither the name of the copyright holders nor the names of its
 * contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
 * this software without specific prior written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
 * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
 * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
 * A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
 * OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
 * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
 * LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
 * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
 * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
 * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
 * OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 */

#ifndef __BASE_STATS_UNITS_HH__
#define __BASE_STATS_UNITS_HH__

#include <type_traits>

#include "base/cprintf.hh"

/**
 * Convenience macros to declare the unit of a stat.
 */
#define UNIT_CYCLE Stats::Units::Cycle::get()
#define UNIT_TICK Stats::Units::Tick::get()
#define UNIT_SECOND Stats::Units::Second::get()
#define UNIT_BIT Stats::Units::Bit::get()
#define UNIT_BYTE Stats::Units::Byte::get()
#define UNIT_JOULE Stats::Units::Joule::get()
#define UNIT_VOLT Stats::Units::Volt::get()
#define UNIT_CELSIUS Stats::Units::DegreeCelsius::get()
#define UNIT_RATE(T1, T2) Stats::Units::Rate<T1, T2>::get()
#define UNIT_RATIO Stats::Units::Ratio::get()
#define UNIT_COUNT Stats::Units::Count::get()
#define UNIT_UNSPECIFIED Stats::Units::Unspecified::get()

#define UNIT_WATT UNIT_RATE(Stats::Units::Joule, Stats::Units::Second)

namespace Stats {

/**
 * Units for Stats.
 *
 * This header file provides an ability to associate a stat object with a
 * specific unit.
 *
 * The supported units are:
 *   - Cycle: represents clock cycles.
 *   - Tick: represents the count of gem5's Tick.
 *   - Second: represents the base unit of time defined by SI.
 *   - Bit: represents the number of computer bits.
 *   - Byte: represents 8 bits.
 *   - Volt: a SI derived unit measuring potential difference.
 *   - Joule: represents joule, a unit of energy, as defined by SI.
 *   - Watt: represents 1 watt, where 1 watt = 1 joule / second.
 *   - Celsius: represents 1 Celsius degree as defined by SI.
 *   - Rate(T1, T2): represents the unit of a quantity of T1 divided by
 *                   a quantity of T2.
 *   - Ratio: represents the unit of a quantity of unit T divided by a quantity
 *            of T.
 *   - Count: represents the count of a quantity that is not defined above.
 *   - Unspecified: the unit of the stat is unspecified.
 *
 * Each unit class is intended to be a singleton, which means only each unit
 * class has at most one object of that class exist throughout the program.
 * Therefore, copy constructors and assignment operators are deleted functions.
 *
 * When any of the following criteria is met, a new unit should be added,
 *   - The new unit is significant enough to be not included in Count unit.
 *     (e.g. Cycle unit, Tick unit)
 */
namespace Units {

/**
 * The Base class is the parent class of all unit classes.
 * This class is intended to an abstract class specifying common behaviors of
 * all unit classes.
 */
class Base
{
  public:
    virtual std::string getUnitString() const = 0;
};

class Cycle : public Base
{
  private:
    Cycle() {}
  public:
    Cycle(Cycle const&) = delete;
    void operator=(Cycle const&) = delete;
    static Cycle*
    get()
    {
        static Cycle instance;
        return &instance;
    }
    static std::string toString() { return "Cycle"; }
    std::string getUnitString() const override { return Cycle::toString(); }
};

class Tick : public Base
{
  private:
    Tick() {}
  public:
    Tick(Tick const&) = delete;
    void operator=(Tick const&) = delete;
    static Tick*
    get()
    {
        static Tick instance;
        return &instance;
    }
    static std::string toString() { return "Tick"; }
    std::string getUnitString() const override { return Tick::toString(); }
};

class Second : public Base
{
  private:
    Second() {}
  public:
    Second(Second const&) = delete;
    void operator=(Second const&) = delete;
    static Second*
    get()
    {
        static Second instance;
        return &instance;
    }
    static std::string toString() { return "Second"; }
    std::string getUnitString() const override { return Second::toString(); }
};

class Bit : public Base
{
  private:
    Bit() {}
  public:
    Bit(Bit const&) = delete;
    void operator=(Bit const&) = delete;
    static Bit*
    get()
    {
        static Bit instance;
        return &instance;
    }
    static std::string toString() { return "Bit"; }
    std::string getUnitString() const override { return Bit::toString(); }
};

class Byte : public Base
{
  private:
    Byte() {}
  public:
    Byte(Byte const&) = delete;
    void operator=(Byte const&) = delete;
    static Byte*
    get()
    {
        static Byte instance;
        return &instance;
    }
    static std::string toString() { return "Byte"; }
    std::string getUnitString() const override { return Byte::toString(); }
};

class Watt : public Base
{
  private:
    Watt() {}
  public:
    Watt(Watt const&) = delete;
    void operator=(Watt const&) = delete;
    static Watt*
    get()
    {
        static Watt instance;
        return &instance;
    }
    static std::string toString() { return "Watt"; }
    std::string getUnitString() const override { return Watt::toString(); }
};


class Joule : public Base
{
  private:
    Joule() {}
  public:
    Joule(Joule const&) = delete;
    void operator=(Joule const&) = delete;
    static Joule*
    get()
    {
        static Joule instance;
        return &instance;
    }
    static std::string toString() { return "Joule"; }
    std::string getUnitString() const override { return Joule::toString(); }
};

class Volt : public Base
{
  private:
    Volt() {}
  public:
    Volt(Volt const&) = delete;
    void operator=(Volt const&) = delete;
    static Volt*
    get()
    {
        static Volt instance;
        return &instance;
    }
    static std::string toString() { return "Volt"; }
    std::string getUnitString() const override { return Volt::toString(); }
};

class DegreeCelsius : public Base
{
  private:
    DegreeCelsius() {}
  public:
    DegreeCelsius(DegreeCelsius const&) = delete;
    void operator=(DegreeCelsius const&) = delete;
    static DegreeCelsius*
    get()
    {
        static DegreeCelsius instance;
        return &instance;
    }
    static std::string toString() { return "Celsius"; }
    std::string
    getUnitString() const override
    {
       return DegreeCelsius::toString();
    }
};


class Count : public Base
{
  private:
    Count() {}
  public:
    Count(Count const&) = delete;
    void operator=(Count const&) = delete;
    static Count*
    get()
    {
        static Count instance;
        return &instance;
    }
    static std::string toString() { return "Count"; }
    std::string getUnitString() const override { return Count::toString(); }
};

template <typename T1, typename T2>
class Rate : public Base
{
  static_assert(std::is_base_of<Base, T1>::value,
                "Rate(T1,T2) must have T1 and T2 derived from"
                "Stats::Units::Base");
  static_assert(std::is_base_of<Base, T2>::value,
                "Rate(T1,T2) must have T1 and T2 derived from"
                "Stats::Units::Base");
  private:
    Rate<T1,T2>() {}
  public:
    Rate<T1,T2>(Rate<T1,T2> const&) = delete;
    void operator=(Rate<T1,T2> const&) = delete;
    static Rate<T1,T2>*
    get()
    {
        static Rate<T1,T2> instance;
        return &instance;
    }
    static std::string
    toString()
    {
        return csprintf("(%s/%s)", T1::toString(), T2::toString());
    }
    std::string
    getUnitString() const override
    {
        return Rate<T1,T2>::toString();
    }
};

class Ratio : public Base
{
  private:
    Ratio() {}
  public:
    Ratio(Ratio const&) = delete;
    void operator=(Ratio const&) = delete;
    static Ratio*
    get()
    {
        static Ratio instance;
        return &instance;
    }
    static std::string toString() { return "Ratio"; }
    std::string getUnitString() const override { return Ratio::toString(); }
};

class Unspecified : public Base
{
  private:
    Unspecified() {}
  public:
    Unspecified(Unspecified const&) = delete;
    void operator=(Unspecified const&) = delete;
    static Unspecified*
    get()
    {
        static Unspecified instance;
        return &instance;
    }
    static std::string toString() { return "Unspecified"; }
    std::string
    getUnitString() const override
    {
        return Unspecified::toString();
    }
};

} // namespace Units

} // namespace Stats

#endif // __BASE_STATS_UNITS_HH__