# Copyright (c) 2021 The Regents of the University of California.
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"""
Script to run GAPBS benchmarks with gem5. The script expects the
benchmark program and the simulation size to run. The input is in the format
<benchmark_prog> <size> <synthetic>
The system is fixed with 2 CPU cores, MESI Two Level system cache and 3 GB
DDR4 memory. It uses the x86 board.

This script will count the total number of instructions executed
in the ROI. It also tracks how much wallclock and simulated time.

Usage:
------

```
scons build/X86/gem5.opt
./build/X86/gem5.opt \
    configs/example/gem5_library/x86-gabps-benchmarks.py \
    --benchmark <benchmark_name> \
    --synthetic <synthetic> \
    --size <simulation_size/graph_name>
```
"""

import argparse
import time
import sys

import m5
from m5.objects import Root

from gem5.utils.requires import requires
from gem5.components.boards.x86_board import X86Board
from gem5.components.memory import DualChannelDDR4_2400
from gem5.components.processors.simple_switchable_processor import (
    SimpleSwitchableProcessor,
)
from gem5.components.processors.cpu_types import CPUTypes
from gem5.isas import ISA
from gem5.coherence_protocol import CoherenceProtocol
from gem5.resources.resource import Resource

from m5.stats.gem5stats import get_simstat

requires(
    isa_required=ISA.X86,
    coherence_protocol_required=CoherenceProtocol.MESI_TWO_LEVEL,
    kvm_required=True,
)

# Following are the list of benchmark programs for gapbs

benchmark_choices = ["cc", "bc", "tc", "pr", "bfs"]

synthetic_choices = ["0", "1"]

size_choices = ["1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6", "7", "8", "9", "10", "11", "12",
                "13", "14", "15", "16", "USA-road-d.NY.gr"]

parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
    description="An example configuration script to run the gapbs benchmarks."
)

# The only positional argument accepted is the benchmark name in this script.

parser.add_argument(
    "--benchmark",
    type=str,
    required=True,
    help="Input the benchmark program to execute.",
    choices=benchmark_choices,
)

parser.add_argument(
    "--synthetic",
    type=str,
    required=True,
    help="Synthetic Graph:: 1: synthetic graph is True; 0: real graph",
    choices=synthetic_choices,
)

parser.add_argument(
    "--size",
    type=str,
    required=True,
    help="Graph Size:: If synthetic is True, then specify a size [1 .. 15]. \
    Otherwise, specify a graph name [USA-road-d.NY.gr]",
    choices=size_choices,
)

args = parser.parse_args()

# Setting up all the fixed system parameters here
# Caches: MESI Two Level Cache Hierarchy

from gem5.components.cachehierarchies.ruby.\
    mesi_two_level_cache_hierarchy import(
    MESITwoLevelCacheHierarchy,
)

cache_hierarchy = MESITwoLevelCacheHierarchy(
    l1d_size="32kB",
    l1d_assoc=8,
    l1i_size="32kB",
    l1i_assoc=8,
    l2_size="256kB",
    l2_assoc=16,
    num_l2_banks=2,
)
# Memory: Dual Channel DDR4 2400 DRAM device.
# The X86 board only supports 3 GB of main memory.

memory = DualChannelDDR4_2400(size="3GB")

# Here we setup the processor. This is a special switchable processor in which
# a starting core type and a switch core type must be specified. Once a
# configuration is instantiated a user may call `processor.switch()` to switch
# from the starting core types to the switch core types. In this simulation
# we start with KVM cores to simulate the OS boot, then switch to the Timing
# cores for the command we wish to run after boot.

processor = SimpleSwitchableProcessor(
    starting_core_type=CPUTypes.KVM,
    switch_core_type=CPUTypes.TIMING,
    isa=ISA.X86,
    num_cores=2,
)

# Here we setup the board. The X86Board allows for Full-System X86 simulations

board = X86Board(
    clk_freq="3GHz",
    processor=processor,
    memory=memory,
    cache_hierarchy=cache_hierarchy,
)

# Here we set the FS workload, i.e., gapbs benchmark program
# After simulation has ended you may inspect
# `m5out/system.pc.com_1.device` to the stdout, if any.

# After the system boots, we execute the benchmark program and wait till the
# ROI `workbegin` annotation is reached. We start collecting the number of
# committed instructions till ROI ends (marked by `workend`). We then finish
# executing the rest of the benchmark.

# GAPBS benchmarks can be run using a synthetic graph

if args.synthetic == "1":
    if args.size == "USA-road-d.NY.gr":
        print("fatal: cannot use a real graph with --synthetic 1",
        file=sys.stderr)
        exit(-1)

    command = "./{} -g {}\n".format(args.benchmark, args.size)
else:
    command = "./{} -sf ../{}".format(args.benchmark, args.size)

board.set_kernel_disk_workload(
    # The x86 linux kernel will be automatically downloaded to the
    # `~/.cache/gem5` directory if not already present.
    # gapbs benchamarks was tested with kernel version 4.19.83
    kernel=Resource(
        "x86-linux-kernel-4.19.83",
    ),
    # The x86-gapbs image will be automatically downloaded to the
    # `~/.cache/gem5` directory if not already present.
    disk_image=Resource(
        "x86-gapbs",
    ),
    readfile_contents=command,
)

root = Root(full_system=True, system=board)

# sim_quantum must be set when KVM cores are used.

root.sim_quantum = int(1e9)

m5.instantiate()

# We maintain the wall clock time.

globalStart = time.time()

print("Running the simulation")
print("Using KVM cpu")

# There are a few thihngs to note regarding the gapbs benchamrks. The first is
# that there are several ROI annotations in the code present in the disk image.
# These ROI begin and end calls are inside a loop. Therefore, we only simulate
# the first ROI annotation in details. The X86Board currently does not support
#  `work items started count reached`.

exit_event = m5.simulate()

# The first exit_event ends with a `workbegin` cause. This means that the
# system started successfully and the execution on the program started. The
# ROI begin is encountered.

if exit_event.getCause() == "workbegin":

    print("Done booting Linux")
    print("Resetting stats at the start of ROI!")

    m5.stats.reset()
    start_tick = m5.curTick()

    # We have completed up to this step using KVM cpu. Now we switch to timing
    # cpu for detailed simulation.

    processor.switch()
else:
    print("Unexpected termination of simulation before ROI was reached!")
    print(
        "Exiting @ tick {} because {}.".format(
            m5.curTick(),
            exit_event.getCause()
        )
    )
    exit(-1)

# The next exit_event is to simulate the ROI. It should be exited with a cause
# marked by `workend`. This implies that the first annotation is successfully
# completed.

exit_event = m5.simulate()

# Reached the end of first ROI.
# We dump the stats here.

# We exepect that ROI ends with `workend`. Otherwise the simulation ended
# unexpectedly.
if exit_event.getCause() == "workend":
    print("Dump stats at the end of the ROI!")

    m5.stats.dump()
    end_tick = m5.curTick()
else:
    print("Unexpected termination of simulation while ROI was being executed!")
    print(
        "Exiting @ tick {} because {}.".format(
            m5.curTick(),
            exit_event.getCause()
        )
    )
    exit(-1)

# We get simInsts using get_simstat and output it in the final print statement.

gem5stats = get_simstat(root)

# We get the number of committed instructions from the timing cores. We then
# sum and print them at the end.

roi_insts = float(\
    gem5stats.to_json()\
    ["system"]["processor"]["cores2"]["core"]["exec_context.thread_0"]\
    ["numInsts"]["value"]) + float(\
    gem5stats.to_json()\
    ["system"]["processor"]["cores3"]["core"]["exec_context.thread_0"]\
    ["numInsts"]["value"]\
)
# Since we simulated the ROI in details, therefore, simulation is over at this
# point.

# Simulation is over at this point. We acknowledge that all the simulation
# events were successful.
print("All simulation events were successful.")

# We print the final simulation statistics.
print("Done with the simulation")
print()
print("Performance statistics:")

print("Simulated time in ROI: %.2fs" % ((end_tick - start_tick) / 1e12))
print("Instructions executed in ROI: %d" % ((roi_insts)))
print("Ran a total of", m5.curTick() / 1e12, "simulated seconds")
print(
    "Total wallclock time: %.2fs, %.2f min"
    % (time.time() - globalStart, (time.time() - globalStart) / 60)
)