# Copyright (c) 2015 Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.
# All rights reserved.
#
# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
#
# 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
# this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
#
# 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
# this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
# and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
#
# 3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its
# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this
# software without specific prior written permission.
#
# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
# AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
# IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
# ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
# LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
# CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
# SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
# INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
# CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
# ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
# POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

import argparse, os, re, getpass
import math
import glob
import inspect

import m5
from m5.objects import *
from m5.util import addToPath
from gem5.isas import ISA
from gem5.runtime import get_runtime_isa

addToPath("../")

from ruby import Ruby

from common import Options
from common import Simulation
from common import GPUTLBOptions, GPUTLBConfig

import hsaTopology
from common import FileSystemConfig


# Adding script options
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
Options.addCommonOptions(parser)
Options.addSEOptions(parser)

parser.add_argument(
    "--cpu-only-mode",
    action="store_true",
    default=False,
    help="APU mode. Used to take care of problems in "
    "Ruby.py while running APU protocols",
)
parser.add_argument(
    "-u",
    "--num-compute-units",
    type=int,
    default=4,
    help="number of GPU compute units",
),
parser.add_argument(
    "--num-cp",
    type=int,
    default=0,
    help="Number of GPU Command Processors (CP)",
)
parser.add_argument(
    "--benchmark-root", help="Root of benchmark directory tree"
)

# not super important now, but to avoid putting the number 4 everywhere, make
# it an option/knob
parser.add_argument(
    "--cu-per-sqc",
    type=int,
    default=4,
    help="number of CUssharing an SQC (icache, and thus icache TLB)",
)
parser.add_argument(
    "--cu-per-scalar-cache",
    type=int,
    default=4,
    help="Number of CUs sharing a scalar cache",
)
parser.add_argument(
    "--simds-per-cu", type=int, default=4, help="SIMD unitsper CU"
)
parser.add_argument(
    "--cu-per-sa",
    type=int,
    default=4,
    help="Number of CUs per shader array. This must be a "
    "multiple of options.cu-per-sqc and options.cu-per-scalar",
)
parser.add_argument(
    "--sa-per-complex",
    type=int,
    default=1,
    help="Number of shader arrays per complex",
)
parser.add_argument(
    "--num-gpu-complexes", type=int, default=1, help="Number of GPU complexes"
)
parser.add_argument(
    "--wf-size", type=int, default=64, help="Wavefront size(in workitems)"
)
parser.add_argument(
    "--sp-bypass-path-length",
    type=int,
    default=4,
    help="Number of stages of bypass path in vector ALU for "
    "Single Precision ops",
)
parser.add_argument(
    "--dp-bypass-path-length",
    type=int,
    default=4,
    help="Number of stages of bypass path in vector ALU for "
    "Double Precision ops",
)
# issue period per SIMD unit: number of cycles before issuing another vector
parser.add_argument(
    "--issue-period",
    type=int,
    default=4,
    help="Number of cycles per vector instruction issue period",
)
parser.add_argument(
    "--glbmem-wr-bus-width",
    type=int,
    default=32,
    help="VGPR to Coalescer (Global Memory) data bus width in bytes",
)
parser.add_argument(
    "--glbmem-rd-bus-width",
    type=int,
    default=32,
    help="Coalescer to VGPR (Global Memory) data bus width in bytes",
)
# Currently we only support 1 local memory pipe
parser.add_argument(
    "--shr-mem-pipes-per-cu",
    type=int,
    default=1,
    help="Number of Shared Memory pipelines per CU",
)
# Currently we only support 1 global memory pipe
parser.add_argument(
    "--glb-mem-pipes-per-cu",
    type=int,
    default=1,
    help="Number of Global Memory pipelines per CU",
)
parser.add_argument(
    "--wfs-per-simd",
    type=int,
    default=10,
    help="Number of WF slots per SIMD",
)

parser.add_argument(
    "--registerManagerPolicy",
    type=str,
    default="static",
    help="Register manager policy",
)
parser.add_argument(
    "--vreg-file-size",
    type=int,
    default=2048,
    help="number of physical vector registers per SIMD",
)
parser.add_argument(
    "--vreg-min-alloc",
    type=int,
    default=4,
    help="Minimum number of registers that can be allocated "
    "from the VRF. The total number of registers will be "
    "aligned to this value.",
)

parser.add_argument(
    "--sreg-file-size",
    type=int,
    default=2048,
    help="number of physical vector registers per SIMD",
)
parser.add_argument(
    "--sreg-min-alloc",
    type=int,
    default=4,
    help="Minimum number of registers that can be allocated "
    "from the SRF. The total number of registers will be "
    "aligned to this value.",
)

parser.add_argument(
    "--bw-scalor",
    type=int,
    default=0,
    help="bandwidth scalor for scalability analysis",
)
parser.add_argument("--CPUClock", type=str, default="2GHz", help="CPU clock")
parser.add_argument("--gpu-clock", type=str, default="1GHz", help="GPU clock")
parser.add_argument(
    "--cpu-voltage",
    action="store",
    type=str,
    default="1.0V",
    help="""CPU  voltage domain""",
)
parser.add_argument(
    "--gpu-voltage",
    action="store",
    type=str,
    default="1.0V",
    help="""CPU  voltage domain""",
)
parser.add_argument(
    "--CUExecPolicy",
    type=str,
    default="OLDEST-FIRST",
    help="WF exec policy (OLDEST-FIRST, ROUND-ROBIN)",
)
parser.add_argument(
    "--SegFaultDebug",
    action="store_true",
    help="checks for GPU seg fault before TLB access",
)
parser.add_argument(
    "--FunctionalTLB", action="store_true", help="Assumes TLB has no latency"
)
parser.add_argument(
    "--LocalMemBarrier",
    action="store_true",
    help="Barrier does not wait for writethroughs to complete",
)
parser.add_argument(
    "--countPages",
    action="store_true",
    help="Count Page Accesses and output in per-CU output files",
)
parser.add_argument(
    "--max-cu-tokens",
    type=int,
    default=4,
    help="Number of coalescer tokens per CU",
)
parser.add_argument(
    "--vrf_lm_bus_latency",
    type=int,
    default=1,
    help="Latency while accessing shared memory",
)
parser.add_argument(
    "--mem-req-latency",
    type=int,
    default=50,
    help="Latency for requests from the cu to ruby.",
)
parser.add_argument(
    "--mem-resp-latency",
    type=int,
    default=50,
    help="Latency for responses from ruby to the cu.",
)
parser.add_argument(
    "--scalar-mem-req-latency",
    type=int,
    default=50,
    help="Latency for scalar requests from the cu to ruby.",
)
parser.add_argument(
    "--scalar-mem-resp-latency",
    type=int,
    # Set to 0 as the scalar cache response path does not model
    # response latency yet and this parameter is currently not used
    default=0,
    help="Latency for scalar responses from ruby to the cu.",
)

parser.add_argument("--TLB-prefetch", type=int, help="prefetch depth for TLBs")
parser.add_argument(
    "--pf-type",
    type=str,
    help="type of prefetch: PF_CU, PF_WF, PF_PHASE, PF_STRIDE",
)
parser.add_argument("--pf-stride", type=int, help="set prefetch stride")
parser.add_argument(
    "--numLdsBanks",
    type=int,
    default=32,
    help="number of physical banks per LDS module",
)
parser.add_argument(
    "--ldsBankConflictPenalty",
    type=int,
    default=1,
    help="number of cycles per LDS bank conflict",
)
parser.add_argument(
    "--lds-size", type=int, default=65536, help="Size of the LDS in bytes"
)
parser.add_argument(
    "--fast-forward-pseudo-op",
    action="store_true",
    help="fast forward using kvm until the m5_switchcpu"
    " pseudo-op is encountered, then switch cpus. subsequent"
    " m5_switchcpu pseudo-ops will toggle back and forth",
)
parser.add_argument(
    "--num-hw-queues",
    type=int,
    default=10,
    help="number of hw queues in packet processor",
)
parser.add_argument(
    "--reg-alloc-policy",
    type=str,
    default="dynamic",
    help="register allocation policy (simple/dynamic)",
)

parser.add_argument(
    "--dgpu",
    action="store_true",
    default=False,
    help="Configure the system as a dGPU instead of an APU. "
    "The dGPU config has its own local memory pool and is not "
    "coherent with the host through hardware.  Data is "
    "transfered from host to device memory using runtime calls "
    "that copy data over a PCIe-like IO bus.",
)

# Mtype option
# --     1   1   1   C_RW_S  (Cached-ReadWrite-Shared)
# --     1   1   0   C_RW_US (Cached-ReadWrite-Unshared)
# --     1   0   1   C_RO_S  (Cached-ReadOnly-Shared)
# --     1   0   0   C_RO_US (Cached-ReadOnly-Unshared)
# --     0   1   x   UC_L2   (Uncached_GL2)
# --     0   0   x   UC_All  (Uncached_All_Load)
# default value: 5/C_RO_S (only allow caching in GL2 for read. Shared)
parser.add_argument(
    "--m-type",
    type=int,
    default=5,
    help="Default Mtype for GPU memory accesses.  This is the "
    "value used for all memory accesses on an APU and is the "
    "default mode for dGPU unless explicitly overwritten by "
    "the driver on a per-page basis.  Valid values are "
    "between 0-7",
)

parser.add_argument(
    "--gfx-version",
    type=str,
    default="gfx801",
    choices=GfxVersion.vals,
    help="Gfx version for gpuNote: gfx902 is not fully supported by ROCm",
)

Ruby.define_options(parser)

# add TLB options to the parser
GPUTLBOptions.tlb_options(parser)

args = parser.parse_args()

# The GPU cache coherence protocols only work with the backing store
args.access_backing_store = True

# if benchmark root is specified explicitly, that overrides the search path
if args.benchmark_root:
    benchmark_path = [args.benchmark_root]
else:
    # Set default benchmark search path to current dir
    benchmark_path = ["."]

########################## Sanity Check ########################

# Currently the gpu model requires ruby
if buildEnv["PROTOCOL"] == "None":
    fatal("GPU model requires ruby")

# Currently the gpu model requires only timing or detailed CPU
if not (args.cpu_type == "TimingSimpleCPU" or args.cpu_type == "DerivO3CPU"):
    fatal("GPU model requires TimingSimpleCPU or DerivO3CPU")

# This file can support multiple compute units
assert args.num_compute_units >= 1

# Currently, the sqc (I-Cache of GPU) is shared by
# multiple compute units(CUs). The protocol works just fine
# even if sqc is not shared. Overriding this option here
# so that the user need not explicitly set this (assuming
# sharing sqc is the common usage)
n_cu = args.num_compute_units
num_sqc = int(math.ceil(float(n_cu) / args.cu_per_sqc))
args.num_sqc = num_sqc  # pass this to Ruby
num_scalar_cache = int(math.ceil(float(n_cu) / args.cu_per_scalar_cache))
args.num_scalar_cache = num_scalar_cache

print(
    "Num SQC = ",
    num_sqc,
    "Num scalar caches = ",
    num_scalar_cache,
    "Num CU = ",
    n_cu,
)

########################## Creating the GPU system ########################
# shader is the GPU
shader = Shader(
    n_wf=args.wfs_per_simd,
    clk_domain=SrcClockDomain(
        clock=args.gpu_clock,
        voltage_domain=VoltageDomain(voltage=args.gpu_voltage),
    ),
)

# VIPER GPU protocol implements release consistency at GPU side. So,
# we make their writes visible to the global memory and should read
# from global memory during kernal boundary. The pipeline initiates
# (or do not initiate) the acquire/release operation depending on
# these impl_kern_launch_rel and impl_kern_end_rel flags. The flag=true
# means pipeline initiates a acquire/release operation at kernel launch/end.
# VIPER protocol is write-through based, and thus only impl_kern_launch_acq
# needs to set.
if buildEnv["PROTOCOL"] == "GPU_VIPER":
    shader.impl_kern_launch_acq = True
    shader.impl_kern_end_rel = False
else:
    shader.impl_kern_launch_acq = True
    shader.impl_kern_end_rel = True

# Switching off per-lane TLB by default
per_lane = False
if args.TLB_config == "perLane":
    per_lane = True

# List of compute units; one GPU can have multiple compute units
compute_units = []
for i in range(n_cu):
    compute_units.append(
        ComputeUnit(
            cu_id=i,
            perLaneTLB=per_lane,
            num_SIMDs=args.simds_per_cu,
            wf_size=args.wf_size,
            spbypass_pipe_length=args.sp_bypass_path_length,
            dpbypass_pipe_length=args.dp_bypass_path_length,
            issue_period=args.issue_period,
            coalescer_to_vrf_bus_width=args.glbmem_rd_bus_width,
            vrf_to_coalescer_bus_width=args.glbmem_wr_bus_width,
            num_global_mem_pipes=args.glb_mem_pipes_per_cu,
            num_shared_mem_pipes=args.shr_mem_pipes_per_cu,
            n_wf=args.wfs_per_simd,
            execPolicy=args.CUExecPolicy,
            debugSegFault=args.SegFaultDebug,
            functionalTLB=args.FunctionalTLB,
            localMemBarrier=args.LocalMemBarrier,
            countPages=args.countPages,
            max_cu_tokens=args.max_cu_tokens,
            vrf_lm_bus_latency=args.vrf_lm_bus_latency,
            mem_req_latency=args.mem_req_latency,
            mem_resp_latency=args.mem_resp_latency,
            scalar_mem_req_latency=args.scalar_mem_req_latency,
            scalar_mem_resp_latency=args.scalar_mem_resp_latency,
            localDataStore=LdsState(
                banks=args.numLdsBanks,
                bankConflictPenalty=args.ldsBankConflictPenalty,
                size=args.lds_size,
            ),
        )
    )
    wavefronts = []
    vrfs = []
    vrf_pool_mgrs = []
    srfs = []
    srf_pool_mgrs = []
    for j in range(args.simds_per_cu):
        for k in range(shader.n_wf):
            wavefronts.append(
                Wavefront(simdId=j, wf_slot_id=k, wf_size=args.wf_size)
            )

        if args.reg_alloc_policy == "simple":
            vrf_pool_mgrs.append(
                SimplePoolManager(
                    pool_size=args.vreg_file_size,
                    min_alloc=args.vreg_min_alloc,
                )
            )
            srf_pool_mgrs.append(
                SimplePoolManager(
                    pool_size=args.sreg_file_size,
                    min_alloc=args.vreg_min_alloc,
                )
            )
        elif args.reg_alloc_policy == "dynamic":
            vrf_pool_mgrs.append(
                DynPoolManager(
                    pool_size=args.vreg_file_size,
                    min_alloc=args.vreg_min_alloc,
                )
            )
            srf_pool_mgrs.append(
                DynPoolManager(
                    pool_size=args.sreg_file_size,
                    min_alloc=args.vreg_min_alloc,
                )
            )

        vrfs.append(
            VectorRegisterFile(
                simd_id=j, wf_size=args.wf_size, num_regs=args.vreg_file_size
            )
        )
        srfs.append(
            ScalarRegisterFile(
                simd_id=j, wf_size=args.wf_size, num_regs=args.sreg_file_size
            )
        )

    compute_units[-1].wavefronts = wavefronts
    compute_units[-1].vector_register_file = vrfs
    compute_units[-1].scalar_register_file = srfs
    compute_units[-1].register_manager = RegisterManager(
        policy=args.registerManagerPolicy,
        vrf_pool_managers=vrf_pool_mgrs,
        srf_pool_managers=srf_pool_mgrs,
    )
    if args.TLB_prefetch:
        compute_units[-1].prefetch_depth = args.TLB_prefetch
        compute_units[-1].prefetch_prev_type = args.pf_type

    # attach the LDS and the CU to the bus (actually a Bridge)
    compute_units[-1].ldsPort = compute_units[-1].ldsBus.cpu_side_port
    compute_units[-1].ldsBus.mem_side_port = compute_units[
        -1
    ].localDataStore.cuPort

# Attach compute units to GPU
shader.CUs = compute_units

########################## Creating the CPU system ########################
# The shader core will be whatever is after the CPU cores are accounted for
shader_idx = args.num_cpus

# The command processor will be whatever is after the shader is accounted for
cp_idx = shader_idx + 1
cp_list = []

# List of CPUs
cpu_list = []

CpuClass, mem_mode = Simulation.getCPUClass(args.cpu_type)
if CpuClass == AtomicSimpleCPU:
    fatal("AtomicSimpleCPU is not supported")
if mem_mode != "timing":
    fatal("Only the timing memory mode is supported")
shader.timing = True

if args.fast_forward and args.fast_forward_pseudo_op:
    fatal(
        "Cannot fast-forward based both on the number of instructions and"
        " on pseudo-ops"
    )
fast_forward = args.fast_forward or args.fast_forward_pseudo_op

if fast_forward:
    FutureCpuClass, future_mem_mode = CpuClass, mem_mode

    CpuClass = X86KvmCPU
    mem_mode = "atomic_noncaching"
    # Leave shader.timing untouched, because its value only matters at the
    # start of the simulation and because we require switching cpus
    # *before* the first kernel launch.

    future_cpu_list = []

    # Initial CPUs to be used during fast-forwarding.
    for i in range(args.num_cpus):
        cpu = CpuClass(
            cpu_id=i,
            clk_domain=SrcClockDomain(
                clock=args.CPUClock,
                voltage_domain=VoltageDomain(voltage=args.cpu_voltage),
            ),
        )
        cpu_list.append(cpu)

        if args.fast_forward:
            cpu.max_insts_any_thread = int(args.fast_forward)

if fast_forward:
    MainCpuClass = FutureCpuClass
else:
    MainCpuClass = CpuClass

# CPs to be used throughout the simulation.
for i in range(args.num_cp):
    cp = MainCpuClass(
        cpu_id=args.num_cpus + i,
        clk_domain=SrcClockDomain(
            clock=args.CPUClock,
            voltage_domain=VoltageDomain(voltage=args.cpu_voltage),
        ),
    )
    cp_list.append(cp)

# Main CPUs (to be used after fast-forwarding if fast-forwarding is specified).
for i in range(args.num_cpus):
    cpu = MainCpuClass(
        cpu_id=i,
        clk_domain=SrcClockDomain(
            clock=args.CPUClock,
            voltage_domain=VoltageDomain(voltage=args.cpu_voltage),
        ),
    )
    if fast_forward:
        cpu.switched_out = True
        future_cpu_list.append(cpu)
    else:
        cpu_list.append(cpu)

host_cpu = cpu_list[0]

hsapp_gpu_map_vaddr = 0x200000000
hsapp_gpu_map_size = 0x1000
hsapp_gpu_map_paddr = int(Addr(args.mem_size))

if args.dgpu:
    # Default --m-type for dGPU is write-back gl2 with system coherence
    # (coherence at the level of the system directory between other dGPUs and
    # CPUs) managed by kernel boundary flush operations targeting the gl2.
    args.m_type = 6

# HSA kernel mode driver
# dGPUPoolID is 0 because we only have one memory pool
gpu_driver = GPUComputeDriver(
    filename="kfd",
    isdGPU=args.dgpu,
    gfxVersion=args.gfx_version,
    dGPUPoolID=0,
    m_type=args.m_type,
)

renderDriNum = 128
render_driver = GPURenderDriver(filename=f"dri/renderD{renderDriNum}")

# Creating the GPU kernel launching components: that is the HSA
# packet processor (HSAPP), GPU command processor (CP), and the
# dispatcher.
gpu_hsapp = HSAPacketProcessor(
    pioAddr=hsapp_gpu_map_paddr, numHWQueues=args.num_hw_queues
)
dispatcher = GPUDispatcher()
gpu_cmd_proc = GPUCommandProcessor(hsapp=gpu_hsapp, dispatcher=dispatcher)
gpu_driver.device = gpu_cmd_proc
shader.dispatcher = dispatcher
shader.gpu_cmd_proc = gpu_cmd_proc

# Create and assign the workload Check for rel_path in elements of
# base_list using test, returning the first full path that satisfies test
def find_path(base_list, rel_path, test):
    for base in base_list:
        if not base:
            # base could be None if environment var not set
            continue
        full_path = os.path.join(base, rel_path)
        if test(full_path):
            return full_path
    fatal("%s not found in %s" % (rel_path, base_list))


def find_file(base_list, rel_path):
    return find_path(base_list, rel_path, os.path.isfile)


executable = find_path(benchmark_path, args.cmd, os.path.exists)
# It's common for a benchmark to be in a directory with the same
# name as the executable, so we handle that automatically
if os.path.isdir(executable):
    benchmark_path = [executable]
    executable = find_file(benchmark_path, args.cmd)

if args.env:
    with open(args.env, "r") as f:
        env = [line.rstrip() for line in f]
else:
    env = [
        "LD_LIBRARY_PATH=%s"
        % ":".join(
            [
                os.getenv("ROCM_PATH", "/opt/rocm") + "/lib",
                os.getenv("HCC_HOME", "/opt/rocm/hcc") + "/lib",
                os.getenv("HSA_PATH", "/opt/rocm/hsa") + "/lib",
                os.getenv("HIP_PATH", "/opt/rocm/hip") + "/lib",
                os.getenv("ROCM_PATH", "/opt/rocm") + "/libhsakmt/lib",
                os.getenv("ROCM_PATH", "/opt/rocm") + "/miopen/lib",
                os.getenv("ROCM_PATH", "/opt/rocm") + "/miopengemm/lib",
                os.getenv("ROCM_PATH", "/opt/rocm") + "/hipblas/lib",
                os.getenv("ROCM_PATH", "/opt/rocm") + "/rocblas/lib",
                "/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu",
            ]
        ),
        "HOME=%s" % os.getenv("HOME", "/"),
        # Disable the VM fault handler signal creation for dGPUs also
        # forces the use of DefaultSignals instead of driver-controlled
        # InteruptSignals throughout the runtime.  DefaultSignals poll
        # on memory in the runtime, while InteruptSignals call into the
        # driver.
        "HSA_ENABLE_INTERRUPT=1",
        # We don't have an SDMA hardware model, so need to fallback to
        # vector copy kernels for dGPU memcopies to/from host and device.
        "HSA_ENABLE_SDMA=0",
    ]

process = Process(
    executable=executable,
    cmd=[args.cmd] + args.options.split(),
    drivers=[gpu_driver, render_driver],
    env=env,
)

for cpu in cpu_list:
    cpu.createThreads()
    cpu.workload = process

for cp in cp_list:
    cp.workload = host_cpu.workload

if fast_forward:
    for i in range(len(future_cpu_list)):
        future_cpu_list[i].workload = cpu_list[i].workload
        future_cpu_list[i].createThreads()

########################## Create the overall system ########################
# List of CPUs that must be switched when moving between KVM and simulation
if fast_forward:
    switch_cpu_list = [
        (cpu_list[i], future_cpu_list[i]) for i in range(args.num_cpus)
    ]

# Other CPU strings cause bad addresses in ROCm. Revert back to M5 Simulator.
for (i, cpu) in enumerate(cpu_list):
    for j in range(len(cpu)):
        cpu.isa[j].vendor_string = "M5 Simulator"

# Full list of processing cores in the system.
cpu_list = cpu_list + [shader] + cp_list

# creating the overall system
# notice the cpu list is explicitly added as a parameter to System
system = System(
    cpu=cpu_list,
    mem_ranges=[AddrRange(args.mem_size)],
    cache_line_size=args.cacheline_size,
    mem_mode=mem_mode,
    workload=SEWorkload.init_compatible(executable),
)
if fast_forward:
    system.future_cpu = future_cpu_list
system.voltage_domain = VoltageDomain(voltage=args.sys_voltage)
system.clk_domain = SrcClockDomain(
    clock=args.sys_clock, voltage_domain=system.voltage_domain
)

if fast_forward:
    have_kvm_support = "BaseKvmCPU" in globals()
    if have_kvm_support and get_runtime_isa() == ISA.X86:
        system.vm = KvmVM()
        system.m5ops_base = 0xFFFF0000
        for i in range(len(host_cpu.workload)):
            host_cpu.workload[i].useArchPT = True
            host_cpu.workload[i].kvmInSE = True
    else:
        fatal("KvmCPU can only be used in SE mode with x86")

# configure the TLB hierarchy
GPUTLBConfig.config_tlb_hierarchy(args, system, shader_idx)

# create Ruby system
system.piobus = IOXBar(
    width=32, response_latency=0, frontend_latency=0, forward_latency=0
)
dma_list = [gpu_hsapp, gpu_cmd_proc]
Ruby.create_system(args, None, system, None, dma_list, None)
system.ruby.clk_domain = SrcClockDomain(
    clock=args.ruby_clock, voltage_domain=system.voltage_domain
)
gpu_cmd_proc.pio = system.piobus.mem_side_ports
gpu_hsapp.pio = system.piobus.mem_side_ports

for i, dma_device in enumerate(dma_list):
    exec("system.dma_cntrl%d.clk_domain = system.ruby.clk_domain" % i)

# attach the CPU ports to Ruby
for i in range(args.num_cpus):
    ruby_port = system.ruby._cpu_ports[i]

    # Create interrupt controller
    system.cpu[i].createInterruptController()

    # Connect cache port's to ruby
    system.cpu[i].icache_port = ruby_port.in_ports
    system.cpu[i].dcache_port = ruby_port.in_ports

    ruby_port.mem_request_port = system.piobus.cpu_side_ports
    if get_runtime_isa() == ISA.X86:
        system.cpu[i].interrupts[0].pio = system.piobus.mem_side_ports
        system.cpu[i].interrupts[
            0
        ].int_requestor = system.piobus.cpu_side_ports
        system.cpu[i].interrupts[
            0
        ].int_responder = system.piobus.mem_side_ports
        if fast_forward:
            system.cpu[i].mmu.connectWalkerPorts(
                ruby_port.in_ports, ruby_port.in_ports
            )

# attach CU ports to Ruby
# Because of the peculiarities of the CP core, you may have 1 CPU but 2
# sequencers and thus 2 _cpu_ports created. Your GPUs shouldn't be
# hooked up until after the CP. To make this script generic, figure out
# the index as below, but note that this assumes there is one sequencer
# per compute unit and one sequencer per SQC for the math to work out
# correctly.
gpu_port_idx = (
    len(system.ruby._cpu_ports)
    - args.num_compute_units
    - args.num_sqc
    - args.num_scalar_cache
)
gpu_port_idx = gpu_port_idx - args.num_cp * 2

# Connect token ports. For this we need to search through the list of all
# sequencers, since the TCP coalescers will not necessarily be first. Only
# TCP coalescers use a token port for back pressure.
token_port_idx = 0
for i in range(len(system.ruby._cpu_ports)):
    if isinstance(system.ruby._cpu_ports[i], VIPERCoalescer):
        system.cpu[shader_idx].CUs[
            token_port_idx
        ].gmTokenPort = system.ruby._cpu_ports[i].gmTokenPort
        token_port_idx += 1

wavefront_size = args.wf_size
for i in range(n_cu):
    # The pipeline issues wavefront_size number of uncoalesced requests
    # in one GPU issue cycle. Hence wavefront_size mem ports.
    for j in range(wavefront_size):
        system.cpu[shader_idx].CUs[i].memory_port[j] = system.ruby._cpu_ports[
            gpu_port_idx
        ].in_ports[j]
    gpu_port_idx += 1

for i in range(n_cu):
    if i > 0 and not i % args.cu_per_sqc:
        print("incrementing idx on ", i)
        gpu_port_idx += 1
    system.cpu[shader_idx].CUs[i].sqc_port = system.ruby._cpu_ports[
        gpu_port_idx
    ].in_ports
gpu_port_idx = gpu_port_idx + 1

for i in range(n_cu):
    if i > 0 and not i % args.cu_per_scalar_cache:
        print("incrementing idx on ", i)
        gpu_port_idx += 1
    system.cpu[shader_idx].CUs[i].scalar_port = system.ruby._cpu_ports[
        gpu_port_idx
    ].in_ports
gpu_port_idx = gpu_port_idx + 1

# attach CP ports to Ruby
for i in range(args.num_cp):
    system.cpu[cp_idx].createInterruptController()
    system.cpu[cp_idx].dcache_port = system.ruby._cpu_ports[
        gpu_port_idx + i * 2
    ].in_ports
    system.cpu[cp_idx].icache_port = system.ruby._cpu_ports[
        gpu_port_idx + i * 2 + 1
    ].in_ports
    system.cpu[cp_idx].interrupts[0].pio = system.piobus.mem_side_ports
    system.cpu[cp_idx].interrupts[
        0
    ].int_requestor = system.piobus.cpu_side_ports
    system.cpu[cp_idx].interrupts[
        0
    ].int_responder = system.piobus.mem_side_ports
    cp_idx = cp_idx + 1

################# Connect the CPU and GPU via GPU Dispatcher ##################
# CPU rings the GPU doorbell to notify a pending task
# using this interface.
# And GPU uses this interface to notify the CPU of task completion
# The communcation happens through emulated driver.

# Note this implicit setting of the cpu_pointer, shader_pointer and tlb array
# parameters must be after the explicit setting of the System cpu list
if fast_forward:
    shader.cpu_pointer = future_cpu_list[0]
else:
    shader.cpu_pointer = host_cpu

########################## Start simulation ########################

redirect_paths = [
    RedirectPath(
        app_path="/proc", host_paths=["%s/fs/proc" % m5.options.outdir]
    ),
    RedirectPath(
        app_path="/sys", host_paths=["%s/fs/sys" % m5.options.outdir]
    ),
    RedirectPath(
        app_path="/tmp", host_paths=["%s/fs/tmp" % m5.options.outdir]
    ),
]

system.redirect_paths = redirect_paths

root = Root(system=system, full_system=False)

# Create the /sys/devices filesystem for the simulator so that the HSA Runtime
# knows what type of GPU hardware we are simulating
if args.dgpu:
    assert args.gfx_version in [
        "gfx803",
        "gfx900",
    ], "Incorrect gfx version for dGPU"
    if args.gfx_version == "gfx803":
        hsaTopology.createFijiTopology(args)
    elif args.gfx_version == "gfx900":
        hsaTopology.createVegaTopology(args)
else:
    assert args.gfx_version in [
        "gfx801",
        "gfx902",
    ], "Incorrect gfx version for APU"
    hsaTopology.createCarrizoTopology(args)

m5.ticks.setGlobalFrequency("1THz")
if args.abs_max_tick:
    maxtick = args.abs_max_tick
else:
    maxtick = m5.MaxTick

# Benchmarks support work item annotations
Simulation.setWorkCountOptions(system, args)

# Checkpointing is not supported by APU model
if args.checkpoint_dir != None or args.checkpoint_restore != None:
    fatal("Checkpointing not supported by apu model")

checkpoint_dir = None
m5.instantiate(checkpoint_dir)

# Map workload to this address space
host_cpu.workload[0].map(0x10000000, 0x200000000, 4096)

if args.fast_forward:
    print("Switch at instruction count: %d" % cpu_list[0].max_insts_any_thread)

exit_event = m5.simulate(maxtick)

if args.fast_forward:
    if exit_event.getCause() == "a thread reached the max instruction count":
        m5.switchCpus(system, switch_cpu_list)
        print("Switched CPUS @ tick %s" % (m5.curTick()))
        m5.stats.reset()
        exit_event = m5.simulate(maxtick - m5.curTick())
elif args.fast_forward_pseudo_op:
    while exit_event.getCause() == "switchcpu":
        # If we are switching *to* kvm, then the current stats are meaningful
        # Note that we don't do any warmup by default
        if type(switch_cpu_list[0][0]) == FutureCpuClass:
            print("Dumping stats...")
            m5.stats.dump()
        m5.switchCpus(system, switch_cpu_list)
        print("Switched CPUS @ tick %s" % (m5.curTick()))
        m5.stats.reset()
        # This lets us switch back and forth without keeping a counter
        switch_cpu_list = [(x[1], x[0]) for x in switch_cpu_list]
        exit_event = m5.simulate(maxtick - m5.curTick())

print("Ticks:", m5.curTick())
print("Exiting because ", exit_event.getCause())

sys.exit(exit_event.getCode())