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/*
* Copyright (c) 2014-2016 Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.
* Copyright (c) 2012 ARM Limited
* All rights reserved
*
* The license below extends only to copyright in the software and shall
* not be construed as granting a license to any other intellectual
* property including but not limited to intellectual property relating
* to a hardware implementation of the functionality of the software
* licensed hereunder. You may use the software subject to the license
* terms below provided that you ensure that this notice is replicated
* unmodified and in its entirety in all distributions of the software,
* modified or unmodified, in source code or in binary form.
*
* Copyright (c) 2001-2005 The Regents of The University of Michigan
* All rights reserved.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
* met: redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer;
* redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
* documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution;
* neither the name of the copyright holders nor the names of its
* contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
* this software without specific prior written permission.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
* "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
* LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
* A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
* OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
* SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
* LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
* DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
* THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
* (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
* OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*
* Authors: Nathan Binkert
* Steve Reinhardt
* Ali Saidi
* Brandon Potter
*/
#include "sim/process.hh"
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <array>
#include <csignal>
#include <map>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include "base/intmath.hh"
#include "base/loader/object_file.hh"
#include "base/loader/symtab.hh"
#include "base/statistics.hh"
#include "config/the_isa.hh"
#include "cpu/thread_context.hh"
#include "mem/page_table.hh"
#include "mem/se_translating_port_proxy.hh"
#include "params/Process.hh"
#include "sim/emul_driver.hh"
#include "sim/fd_array.hh"
#include "sim/fd_entry.hh"
#include "sim/syscall_desc.hh"
#include "sim/system.hh"
#if THE_ISA == ALPHA_ISA
#include "arch/alpha/linux/process.hh"
#elif THE_ISA == SPARC_ISA
#include "arch/sparc/linux/process.hh"
#include "arch/sparc/solaris/process.hh"
#elif THE_ISA == MIPS_ISA
#include "arch/mips/linux/process.hh"
#elif THE_ISA == ARM_ISA
#include "arch/arm/freebsd/process.hh"
#include "arch/arm/linux/process.hh"
#elif THE_ISA == X86_ISA
#include "arch/x86/linux/process.hh"
#elif THE_ISA == POWER_ISA
#include "arch/power/linux/process.hh"
#elif THE_ISA == RISCV_ISA
#include "arch/riscv/linux/process.hh"
#else
#error "THE_ISA not set"
#endif
using namespace std;
using namespace TheISA;
Process::Process(ProcessParams *params, EmulationPageTable *pTable,
ObjectFile *obj_file)
: SimObject(params), system(params->system),
useArchPT(params->useArchPT),
kvmInSE(params->kvmInSE),
pTable(pTable),
initVirtMem(system->getSystemPort(), this,
SETranslatingPortProxy::Always),
objFile(obj_file),
argv(params->cmd), envp(params->env), cwd(params->cwd),
executable(params->executable),
_uid(params->uid), _euid(params->euid),
_gid(params->gid), _egid(params->egid),
_pid(params->pid), _ppid(params->ppid),
_pgid(params->pgid), drivers(params->drivers),
fds(make_shared<FDArray>(params->input, params->output, params->errout)),
childClearTID(0)
{
if (_pid >= System::maxPID)
fatal("_pid is too large: %d", _pid);
auto ret_pair = system->PIDs.emplace(_pid);
if (!ret_pair.second)
fatal("_pid %d is already used", _pid);
/**
* Linux bundles together processes into this concept called a thread
* group. The thread group is responsible for recording which processes
* behave as threads within a process context. The thread group leader
* is the process who's tgid is equal to its pid. Other processes which
* belong to the thread group, but do not lead the thread group, are
* treated as child threads. These threads are created by the clone system
* call with options specified to create threads (differing from the
* options used to implement a fork). By default, set up the tgid/pid
* with a new, equivalent value. If CLONE_THREAD is specified, patch
* the tgid value with the old process' value.
*/
_tgid = params->pid;
exitGroup = new bool();
sigchld = new bool();
if (!debugSymbolTable) {
debugSymbolTable = new SymbolTable();
if (!objFile->loadGlobalSymbols(debugSymbolTable) ||
!objFile->loadLocalSymbols(debugSymbolTable) ||
!objFile->loadWeakSymbols(debugSymbolTable)) {
delete debugSymbolTable;
debugSymbolTable = nullptr;
}
}
}
void
Process::clone(ThreadContext *otc, ThreadContext *ntc,
Process *np, RegVal flags)
{
#ifndef CLONE_VM
#define CLONE_VM 0
#endif
#ifndef CLONE_FILES
#define CLONE_FILES 0
#endif
#ifndef CLONE_THREAD
#define CLONE_THREAD 0
#endif
if (CLONE_VM & flags) {
/**
* Share the process memory address space between the new process
* and the old process. Changes in one will be visible in the other
* due to the pointer use.
*/
delete np->pTable;
np->pTable = pTable;
ntc->getMemProxy().setPageTable(np->pTable);
np->memState = memState;
} else {
/**
* Duplicate the process memory address space. The state needs to be
* copied over (rather than using pointers to share everything).
*/
typedef std::vector<pair<Addr,Addr>> MapVec;
MapVec mappings;
pTable->getMappings(&mappings);
for (auto map : mappings) {
Addr paddr, vaddr = map.first;
bool alloc_page = !(np->pTable->translate(vaddr, paddr));
np->replicatePage(vaddr, paddr, otc, ntc, alloc_page);
}
*np->memState = *memState;
}
if (CLONE_FILES & flags) {
/**
* The parent and child file descriptors are shared because the
* two FDArray pointers are pointing to the same FDArray. Opening
* and closing file descriptors will be visible to both processes.
*/
np->fds = fds;
} else {
/**
* Copy the file descriptors from the old process into the new
* child process. The file descriptors entry can be opened and
* closed independently of the other process being considered. The
* host file descriptors are also dup'd so that the flags for the
* host file descriptor is independent of the other process.
*/
for (int tgt_fd = 0; tgt_fd < fds->getSize(); tgt_fd++) {
std::shared_ptr<FDArray> nfds = np->fds;
std::shared_ptr<FDEntry> this_fde = (*fds)[tgt_fd];
if (!this_fde) {
nfds->setFDEntry(tgt_fd, nullptr);
continue;
}
nfds->setFDEntry(tgt_fd, this_fde->clone());
auto this_hbfd = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<HBFDEntry>(this_fde);
if (!this_hbfd)
continue;
int this_sim_fd = this_hbfd->getSimFD();
if (this_sim_fd <= 2)
continue;
int np_sim_fd = dup(this_sim_fd);
assert(np_sim_fd != -1);
auto nhbfd = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<HBFDEntry>((*nfds)[tgt_fd]);
nhbfd->setSimFD(np_sim_fd);
}
}
if (CLONE_THREAD & flags) {
np->_tgid = _tgid;
delete np->exitGroup;
np->exitGroup = exitGroup;
}
np->argv.insert(np->argv.end(), argv.begin(), argv.end());
np->envp.insert(np->envp.end(), envp.begin(), envp.end());
}
void
Process::regStats()
{
SimObject::regStats();
using namespace Stats;
numSyscalls
.name(name() + ".numSyscalls")
.desc("Number of system calls")
;
}
ThreadContext *
Process::findFreeContext()
{
for (auto &it : system->threadContexts) {
if (ThreadContext::Halted == it->status())
return it;
}
return nullptr;
}
void
Process::revokeThreadContext(int context_id)
{
std::vector<ContextID>::iterator it;
for (it = contextIds.begin(); it != contextIds.end(); it++) {
if (*it == context_id) {
contextIds.erase(it);
return;
}
}
warn("Unable to find thread context to revoke");
}
void
Process::initState()
{
if (contextIds.empty())
fatal("Process %s is not associated with any HW contexts!\n", name());
// first thread context for this process... initialize & enable
ThreadContext *tc = system->getThreadContext(contextIds[0]);
// mark this context as active so it will start ticking.
tc->activate();
pTable->initState(tc);
}
DrainState
Process::drain()
{
fds->updateFileOffsets();
return DrainState::Drained;
}
void
Process::allocateMem(Addr vaddr, int64_t size, bool clobber)
{
int npages = divCeil(size, (int64_t)PageBytes);
Addr paddr = system->allocPhysPages(npages);
pTable->map(vaddr, paddr, size,
clobber ? EmulationPageTable::Clobber :
EmulationPageTable::MappingFlags(0));
}
void
Process::replicatePage(Addr vaddr, Addr new_paddr, ThreadContext *old_tc,
ThreadContext *new_tc, bool allocate_page)
{
if (allocate_page)
new_paddr = system->allocPhysPages(1);
// Read from old physical page.
uint8_t *buf_p = new uint8_t[PageBytes];
old_tc->getMemProxy().readBlob(vaddr, buf_p, PageBytes);
// Create new mapping in process address space by clobbering existing
// mapping (if any existed) and then write to the new physical page.
bool clobber = true;
pTable->map(vaddr, new_paddr, PageBytes, clobber);
new_tc->getMemProxy().writeBlob(vaddr, buf_p, PageBytes);
delete[] buf_p;
}
bool
Process::fixupStackFault(Addr vaddr)
{
Addr stack_min = memState->getStackMin();
Addr stack_base = memState->getStackBase();
Addr max_stack_size = memState->getMaxStackSize();
// Check if this is already on the stack and there's just no page there
// yet.
if (vaddr >= stack_min && vaddr < stack_base) {
allocateMem(roundDown(vaddr, PageBytes), PageBytes);
return true;
}
// We've accessed the next page of the stack, so extend it to include
// this address.
if (vaddr < stack_min && vaddr >= stack_base - max_stack_size) {
while (vaddr < stack_min) {
stack_min -= TheISA::PageBytes;
if (stack_base - stack_min > max_stack_size)
fatal("Maximum stack size exceeded\n");
allocateMem(stack_min, TheISA::PageBytes);
inform("Increasing stack size by one page.");
}
memState->setStackMin(stack_min);
return true;
}
return false;
}
void
Process::serialize(CheckpointOut &cp) const
{
memState->serialize(cp);
pTable->serialize(cp);
/**
* Checkpoints for file descriptors currently do not work. Need to
* come back and fix them at a later date.
*/
warn("Checkpoints for file descriptors currently do not work.");
#if 0
for (int x = 0; x < fds->getSize(); x++)
(*fds)[x].serializeSection(cp, csprintf("FDEntry%d", x));
#endif
}
void
Process::unserialize(CheckpointIn &cp)
{
memState->unserialize(cp);
pTable->unserialize(cp);
/**
* Checkpoints for file descriptors currently do not work. Need to
* come back and fix them at a later date.
*/
warn("Checkpoints for file descriptors currently do not work.");
#if 0
for (int x = 0; x < fds->getSize(); x++)
(*fds)[x]->unserializeSection(cp, csprintf("FDEntry%d", x));
fds->restoreFileOffsets();
#endif
// The above returns a bool so that you could do something if you don't
// find the param in the checkpoint if you wanted to, like set a default
// but in this case we'll just stick with the instantiated value if not
// found.
}
bool
Process::map(Addr vaddr, Addr paddr, int size, bool cacheable)
{
pTable->map(vaddr, paddr, size,
cacheable ? EmulationPageTable::MappingFlags(0) :
EmulationPageTable::Uncacheable);
return true;
}
void
Process::syscall(int64_t callnum, ThreadContext *tc, Fault *fault)
{
numSyscalls++;
SyscallDesc *desc = getDesc(callnum);
if (desc == nullptr)
fatal("Syscall %d out of range", callnum);
desc->doSyscall(callnum, this, tc, fault);
}
RegVal
Process::getSyscallArg(ThreadContext *tc, int &i, int width)
{
return getSyscallArg(tc, i);
}
EmulatedDriver *
Process::findDriver(std::string filename)
{
for (EmulatedDriver *d : drivers) {
if (d->match(filename))
return d;
}
return nullptr;
}
void
Process::updateBias()
{
ObjectFile *interp = objFile->getInterpreter();
if (!interp || !interp->relocatable())
return;
// Determine how large the interpreters footprint will be in the process
// address space.
Addr interp_mapsize = roundUp(interp->mapSize(), TheISA::PageBytes);
// We are allocating the memory area; set the bias to the lowest address
// in the allocated memory region.
Addr mmap_end = memState->getMmapEnd();
Addr ld_bias = mmapGrowsDown() ? mmap_end - interp_mapsize : mmap_end;
// Adjust the process mmap area to give the interpreter room; the real
// execve system call would just invoke the kernel's internal mmap
// functions to make these adjustments.
mmap_end = mmapGrowsDown() ? ld_bias : mmap_end + interp_mapsize;
memState->setMmapEnd(mmap_end);
interp->updateBias(ld_bias);
}
ObjectFile *
Process::getInterpreter()
{
return objFile->getInterpreter();
}
Addr
Process::getBias()
{
ObjectFile *interp = getInterpreter();
return interp ? interp->bias() : objFile->bias();
}
Addr
Process::getStartPC()
{
ObjectFile *interp = getInterpreter();
return interp ? interp->entryPoint() : objFile->entryPoint();
}
Process *
ProcessParams::create()
{
Process *process = nullptr;
// If not specified, set the executable parameter equal to the
// simulated system's zeroth command line parameter
if (executable == "") {
executable = cmd[0];
}
ObjectFile *obj_file = createObjectFile(executable);
if (obj_file == nullptr) {
fatal("Can't load object file %s", executable);
}
#if THE_ISA == ALPHA_ISA
if (obj_file->getArch() != ObjectFile::Alpha)
fatal("Object file architecture does not match compiled ISA (Alpha).");
switch (obj_file->getOpSys()) {
case ObjectFile::UnknownOpSys:
warn("Unknown operating system; assuming Linux.");
// fall through
case ObjectFile::Linux:
process = new AlphaLinuxProcess(this, obj_file);
break;
default:
fatal("Unknown/unsupported operating system.");
}
#elif THE_ISA == SPARC_ISA
if (obj_file->getArch() != ObjectFile::SPARC64 &&
obj_file->getArch() != ObjectFile::SPARC32)
fatal("Object file architecture does not match compiled ISA (SPARC).");
switch (obj_file->getOpSys()) {
case ObjectFile::UnknownOpSys:
warn("Unknown operating system; assuming Linux.");
// fall through
case ObjectFile::Linux:
if (obj_file->getArch() == ObjectFile::SPARC64) {
process = new Sparc64LinuxProcess(this, obj_file);
} else {
process = new Sparc32LinuxProcess(this, obj_file);
}
break;
case ObjectFile::Solaris:
process = new SparcSolarisProcess(this, obj_file);
break;
default:
fatal("Unknown/unsupported operating system.");
}
#elif THE_ISA == X86_ISA
if (obj_file->getArch() != ObjectFile::X86_64 &&
obj_file->getArch() != ObjectFile::I386)
fatal("Object file architecture does not match compiled ISA (x86).");
switch (obj_file->getOpSys()) {
case ObjectFile::UnknownOpSys:
warn("Unknown operating system; assuming Linux.");
// fall through
case ObjectFile::Linux:
if (obj_file->getArch() == ObjectFile::X86_64) {
process = new X86_64LinuxProcess(this, obj_file);
} else {
process = new I386LinuxProcess(this, obj_file);
}
break;
default:
fatal("Unknown/unsupported operating system.");
}
#elif THE_ISA == MIPS_ISA
if (obj_file->getArch() != ObjectFile::Mips)
fatal("Object file architecture does not match compiled ISA (MIPS).");
switch (obj_file->getOpSys()) {
case ObjectFile::UnknownOpSys:
warn("Unknown operating system; assuming Linux.");
// fall through
case ObjectFile::Linux:
process = new MipsLinuxProcess(this, obj_file);
break;
default:
fatal("Unknown/unsupported operating system.");
}
#elif THE_ISA == ARM_ISA
ObjectFile::Arch arch = obj_file->getArch();
if (arch != ObjectFile::Arm && arch != ObjectFile::Thumb &&
arch != ObjectFile::Arm64)
fatal("Object file architecture does not match compiled ISA (ARM).");
switch (obj_file->getOpSys()) {
case ObjectFile::UnknownOpSys:
warn("Unknown operating system; assuming Linux.");
// fall through
case ObjectFile::Linux:
if (arch == ObjectFile::Arm64) {
process = new ArmLinuxProcess64(this, obj_file,
obj_file->getArch());
} else {
process = new ArmLinuxProcess32(this, obj_file,
obj_file->getArch());
}
break;
case ObjectFile::FreeBSD:
if (arch == ObjectFile::Arm64) {
process = new ArmFreebsdProcess64(this, obj_file,
obj_file->getArch());
} else {
process = new ArmFreebsdProcess32(this, obj_file,
obj_file->getArch());
}
break;
case ObjectFile::LinuxArmOABI:
fatal("M5 does not support ARM OABI binaries. Please recompile with an"
" EABI compiler.");
default:
fatal("Unknown/unsupported operating system.");
}
#elif THE_ISA == POWER_ISA
if (obj_file->getArch() != ObjectFile::Power)
fatal("Object file architecture does not match compiled ISA (Power).");
switch (obj_file->getOpSys()) {
case ObjectFile::UnknownOpSys:
warn("Unknown operating system; assuming Linux.");
// fall through
case ObjectFile::Linux:
process = new PowerLinuxProcess(this, obj_file);
break;
default:
fatal("Unknown/unsupported operating system.");
}
#elif THE_ISA == RISCV_ISA
ObjectFile::Arch arch = obj_file->getArch();
if (arch != ObjectFile::Riscv64 && arch != ObjectFile::Riscv32)
fatal("Object file architecture does not match compiled ISA (RISCV).");
switch (obj_file->getOpSys()) {
case ObjectFile::UnknownOpSys:
warn("Unknown operating system; assuming Linux.");
// fall through
case ObjectFile::Linux:
if (arch == ObjectFile::Riscv64) {
process = new RiscvLinuxProcess64(this, obj_file);
} else {
process = new RiscvLinuxProcess32(this, obj_file);
}
break;
default:
fatal("Unknown/unsupported operating system.");
}
#else
#error "THE_ISA not set"
#endif
if (process == nullptr)
fatal("Unknown error creating process object.");
return process;
}
std::string
Process::fullPath(const std::string &file_name)
{
if (file_name[0] == '/' || cwd.empty())
return file_name;
std::string full = cwd;
if (cwd[cwd.size() - 1] != '/')
full += '/';
return full + file_name;
}