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/*
pybind11/attr.h: Infrastructure for processing custom
type and function attributes
Copyright (c) 2016 Wenzel Jakob <wenzel.jakob@epfl.ch>
All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
*/
#pragma once
#include "cast.h"
NAMESPACE_BEGIN(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)
/// \addtogroup annotations
/// @{
/// Annotation for methods
struct is_method { handle class_; is_method(const handle &c) : class_(c) { } };
/// Annotation for operators
struct is_operator { };
/// Annotation for parent scope
struct scope { handle value; scope(const handle &s) : value(s) { } };
/// Annotation for documentation
struct doc { const char *value; doc(const char *value) : value(value) { } };
/// Annotation for function names
struct name { const char *value; name(const char *value) : value(value) { } };
/// Annotation indicating that a function is an overload associated with a given "sibling"
struct sibling { handle value; sibling(const handle &value) : value(value.ptr()) { } };
/// Annotation indicating that a class derives from another given type
template <typename T> struct base {
PYBIND11_DEPRECATED("base<T>() was deprecated in favor of specifying 'T' as a template argument to class_")
base() { }
};
/// Keep patient alive while nurse lives
template <size_t Nurse, size_t Patient> struct keep_alive { };
/// Annotation indicating that a class is involved in a multiple inheritance relationship
struct multiple_inheritance { };
/// Annotation which enables dynamic attributes, i.e. adds `__dict__` to a class
struct dynamic_attr { };
/// Annotation which enables the buffer protocol for a type
struct buffer_protocol { };
/// Annotation which requests that a special metaclass is created for a type
struct metaclass {
handle value;
PYBIND11_DEPRECATED("py::metaclass() is no longer required. It's turned on by default now.")
metaclass() {}
/// Override pybind11's default metaclass
explicit metaclass(handle value) : value(value) { }
};
/// Annotation that marks a class as local to the module:
struct module_local { const bool value; constexpr module_local(bool v = true) : value(v) { } };
/// Annotation to mark enums as an arithmetic type
struct arithmetic { };
/** \rst
A call policy which places one or more guard variables (``Ts...``) around the function call.
For example, this definition:
.. code-block:: cpp
m.def("foo", foo, py::call_guard<T>());
is equivalent to the following pseudocode:
.. code-block:: cpp
m.def("foo", [](args...) {
T scope_guard;
return foo(args...); // forwarded arguments
});
\endrst */
template <typename... Ts> struct call_guard;
template <> struct call_guard<> { using type = detail::void_type; };
template <typename T>
struct call_guard<T> {
static_assert(std::is_default_constructible<T>::value,
"The guard type must be default constructible");
using type = T;
};
template <typename T, typename... Ts>
struct call_guard<T, Ts...> {
struct type {
T guard{}; // Compose multiple guard types with left-to-right default-constructor order
typename call_guard<Ts...>::type next{};
};
};
/// @} annotations
NAMESPACE_BEGIN(detail)
/* Forward declarations */
enum op_id : int;
enum op_type : int;
struct undefined_t;
template <op_id id, op_type ot, typename L = undefined_t, typename R = undefined_t> struct op_;
inline void keep_alive_impl(size_t Nurse, size_t Patient, function_call &call, handle ret);
/// Internal data structure which holds metadata about a keyword argument
struct argument_record {
const char *name; ///< Argument name
const char *descr; ///< Human-readable version of the argument value
handle value; ///< Associated Python object
bool convert : 1; ///< True if the argument is allowed to convert when loading
bool none : 1; ///< True if None is allowed when loading
argument_record(const char *name, const char *descr, handle value, bool convert, bool none)
: name(name), descr(descr), value(value), convert(convert), none(none) { }
};
/// Internal data structure which holds metadata about a bound function (signature, overloads, etc.)
struct function_record {
function_record()
: is_constructor(false), is_new_style_constructor(false), is_stateless(false),
is_operator(false), has_args(false), has_kwargs(false), is_method(false) { }
/// Function name
char *name = nullptr; /* why no C++ strings? They generate heavier code.. */
// User-specified documentation string
char *doc = nullptr;
/// Human-readable version of the function signature
char *signature = nullptr;
/// List of registered keyword arguments
std::vector<argument_record> args;
/// Pointer to lambda function which converts arguments and performs the actual call
handle (*impl) (function_call &) = nullptr;
/// Storage for the wrapped function pointer and captured data, if any
void *data[3] = { };
/// Pointer to custom destructor for 'data' (if needed)
void (*free_data) (function_record *ptr) = nullptr;
/// Return value policy associated with this function
return_value_policy policy = return_value_policy::automatic;
/// True if name == '__init__'
bool is_constructor : 1;
/// True if this is a new-style `__init__` defined in `detail/init.h`
bool is_new_style_constructor : 1;
/// True if this is a stateless function pointer
bool is_stateless : 1;
/// True if this is an operator (__add__), etc.
bool is_operator : 1;
/// True if the function has a '*args' argument
bool has_args : 1;
/// True if the function has a '**kwargs' argument
bool has_kwargs : 1;
/// True if this is a method
bool is_method : 1;
/// Number of arguments (including py::args and/or py::kwargs, if present)
std::uint16_t nargs;
/// Python method object
PyMethodDef *def = nullptr;
/// Python handle to the parent scope (a class or a module)
handle scope;
/// Python handle to the sibling function representing an overload chain
handle sibling;
/// Pointer to next overload
function_record *next = nullptr;
};
/// Special data structure which (temporarily) holds metadata about a bound class
struct type_record {
PYBIND11_NOINLINE type_record()
: multiple_inheritance(false), dynamic_attr(false), buffer_protocol(false), module_local(false) { }
/// Handle to the parent scope
handle scope;
/// Name of the class
const char *name = nullptr;
// Pointer to RTTI type_info data structure
const std::type_info *type = nullptr;
/// How large is the underlying C++ type?
size_t type_size = 0;
/// How large is the type's holder?
size_t holder_size = 0;
/// The global operator new can be overridden with a class-specific variant
void *(*operator_new)(size_t) = ::operator new;
/// Function pointer to class_<..>::init_instance
void (*init_instance)(instance *, const void *) = nullptr;
/// Function pointer to class_<..>::dealloc
void (*dealloc)(detail::value_and_holder &) = nullptr;
/// List of base classes of the newly created type
list bases;
/// Optional docstring
const char *doc = nullptr;
/// Custom metaclass (optional)
handle metaclass;
/// Multiple inheritance marker
bool multiple_inheritance : 1;
/// Does the class manage a __dict__?
bool dynamic_attr : 1;
/// Does the class implement the buffer protocol?
bool buffer_protocol : 1;
/// Is the default (unique_ptr) holder type used?
bool default_holder : 1;
/// Is the class definition local to the module shared object?
bool module_local : 1;
PYBIND11_NOINLINE void add_base(const std::type_info &base, void *(*caster)(void *)) {
auto base_info = detail::get_type_info(base, false);
if (!base_info) {
std::string tname(base.name());
detail::clean_type_id(tname);
pybind11_fail("generic_type: type \"" + std::string(name) +
"\" referenced unknown base type \"" + tname + "\"");
}
if (default_holder != base_info->default_holder) {
std::string tname(base.name());
detail::clean_type_id(tname);
pybind11_fail("generic_type: type \"" + std::string(name) + "\" " +
(default_holder ? "does not have" : "has") +
" a non-default holder type while its base \"" + tname + "\" " +
(base_info->default_holder ? "does not" : "does"));
}
bases.append((PyObject *) base_info->type);
if (base_info->type->tp_dictoffset != 0)
dynamic_attr = true;
if (caster)
base_info->implicit_casts.emplace_back(type, caster);
}
};
inline function_call::function_call(function_record &f, handle p) :
func(f), parent(p) {
args.reserve(f.nargs);
args_convert.reserve(f.nargs);
}
/// Tag for a new-style `__init__` defined in `detail/init.h`
struct is_new_style_constructor { };
/**
* Partial template specializations to process custom attributes provided to
* cpp_function_ and class_. These are either used to initialize the respective
* fields in the type_record and function_record data structures or executed at
* runtime to deal with custom call policies (e.g. keep_alive).
*/
template <typename T, typename SFINAE = void> struct process_attribute;
template <typename T> struct process_attribute_default {
/// Default implementation: do nothing
static void init(const T &, function_record *) { }
static void init(const T &, type_record *) { }
static void precall(function_call &) { }
static void postcall(function_call &, handle) { }
};
/// Process an attribute specifying the function's name
template <> struct process_attribute<name> : process_attribute_default<name> {
static void init(const name &n, function_record *r) { r->name = const_cast<char *>(n.value); }
};
/// Process an attribute specifying the function's docstring
template <> struct process_attribute<doc> : process_attribute_default<doc> {
static void init(const doc &n, function_record *r) { r->doc = const_cast<char *>(n.value); }
};
/// Process an attribute specifying the function's docstring (provided as a C-style string)
template <> struct process_attribute<const char *> : process_attribute_default<const char *> {
static void init(const char *d, function_record *r) { r->doc = const_cast<char *>(d); }
static void init(const char *d, type_record *r) { r->doc = const_cast<char *>(d); }
};
template <> struct process_attribute<char *> : process_attribute<const char *> { };
/// Process an attribute indicating the function's return value policy
template <> struct process_attribute<return_value_policy> : process_attribute_default<return_value_policy> {
static void init(const return_value_policy &p, function_record *r) { r->policy = p; }
};
/// Process an attribute which indicates that this is an overloaded function associated with a given sibling
template <> struct process_attribute<sibling> : process_attribute_default<sibling> {
static void init(const sibling &s, function_record *r) { r->sibling = s.value; }
};
/// Process an attribute which indicates that this function is a method
template <> struct process_attribute<is_method> : process_attribute_default<is_method> {
static void init(const is_method &s, function_record *r) { r->is_method = true; r->scope = s.class_; }
};
/// Process an attribute which indicates the parent scope of a method
template <> struct process_attribute<scope> : process_attribute_default<scope> {
static void init(const scope &s, function_record *r) { r->scope = s.value; }
};
/// Process an attribute which indicates that this function is an operator
template <> struct process_attribute<is_operator> : process_attribute_default<is_operator> {
static void init(const is_operator &, function_record *r) { r->is_operator = true; }
};
template <> struct process_attribute<is_new_style_constructor> : process_attribute_default<is_new_style_constructor> {
static void init(const is_new_style_constructor &, function_record *r) { r->is_new_style_constructor = true; }
};
/// Process a keyword argument attribute (*without* a default value)
template <> struct process_attribute<arg> : process_attribute_default<arg> {
static void init(const arg &a, function_record *r) {
if (r->is_method && r->args.empty())
r->args.emplace_back("self", nullptr, handle(), true /*convert*/, false /*none not allowed*/);
r->args.emplace_back(a.name, nullptr, handle(), !a.flag_noconvert, a.flag_none);
}
};
/// Process a keyword argument attribute (*with* a default value)
template <> struct process_attribute<arg_v> : process_attribute_default<arg_v> {
static void init(const arg_v &a, function_record *r) {
if (r->is_method && r->args.empty())
r->args.emplace_back("self", nullptr /*descr*/, handle() /*parent*/, true /*convert*/, false /*none not allowed*/);
if (!a.value) {
#if !defined(NDEBUG)
std::string descr("'");
if (a.name) descr += std::string(a.name) + ": ";
descr += a.type + "'";
if (r->is_method) {
if (r->name)
descr += " in method '" + (std::string) str(r->scope) + "." + (std::string) r->name + "'";
else
descr += " in method of '" + (std::string) str(r->scope) + "'";
} else if (r->name) {
descr += " in function '" + (std::string) r->name + "'";
}
pybind11_fail("arg(): could not convert default argument "
+ descr + " into a Python object (type not registered yet?)");
#else
pybind11_fail("arg(): could not convert default argument "
"into a Python object (type not registered yet?). "
"Compile in debug mode for more information.");
#endif
}
r->args.emplace_back(a.name, a.descr, a.value.inc_ref(), !a.flag_noconvert, a.flag_none);
}
};
/// Process a parent class attribute. Single inheritance only (class_ itself already guarantees that)
template <typename T>
struct process_attribute<T, enable_if_t<is_pyobject<T>::value>> : process_attribute_default<handle> {
static void init(const handle &h, type_record *r) { r->bases.append(h); }
};
/// Process a parent class attribute (deprecated, does not support multiple inheritance)
template <typename T>
struct process_attribute<base<T>> : process_attribute_default<base<T>> {
static void init(const base<T> &, type_record *r) { r->add_base(typeid(T), nullptr); }
};
/// Process a multiple inheritance attribute
template <>
struct process_attribute<multiple_inheritance> : process_attribute_default<multiple_inheritance> {
static void init(const multiple_inheritance &, type_record *r) { r->multiple_inheritance = true; }
};
template <>
struct process_attribute<dynamic_attr> : process_attribute_default<dynamic_attr> {
static void init(const dynamic_attr &, type_record *r) { r->dynamic_attr = true; }
};
template <>
struct process_attribute<buffer_protocol> : process_attribute_default<buffer_protocol> {
static void init(const buffer_protocol &, type_record *r) { r->buffer_protocol = true; }
};
template <>
struct process_attribute<metaclass> : process_attribute_default<metaclass> {
static void init(const metaclass &m, type_record *r) { r->metaclass = m.value; }
};
template <>
struct process_attribute<module_local> : process_attribute_default<module_local> {
static void init(const module_local &l, type_record *r) { r->module_local = l.value; }
};
/// Process an 'arithmetic' attribute for enums (does nothing here)
template <>
struct process_attribute<arithmetic> : process_attribute_default<arithmetic> {};
template <typename... Ts>
struct process_attribute<call_guard<Ts...>> : process_attribute_default<call_guard<Ts...>> { };
/**
* Process a keep_alive call policy -- invokes keep_alive_impl during the
* pre-call handler if both Nurse, Patient != 0 and use the post-call handler
* otherwise
*/
template <size_t Nurse, size_t Patient> struct process_attribute<keep_alive<Nurse, Patient>> : public process_attribute_default<keep_alive<Nurse, Patient>> {
template <size_t N = Nurse, size_t P = Patient, enable_if_t<N != 0 && P != 0, int> = 0>
static void precall(function_call &call) { keep_alive_impl(Nurse, Patient, call, handle()); }
template <size_t N = Nurse, size_t P = Patient, enable_if_t<N != 0 && P != 0, int> = 0>
static void postcall(function_call &, handle) { }
template <size_t N = Nurse, size_t P = Patient, enable_if_t<N == 0 || P == 0, int> = 0>
static void precall(function_call &) { }
template <size_t N = Nurse, size_t P = Patient, enable_if_t<N == 0 || P == 0, int> = 0>
static void postcall(function_call &call, handle ret) { keep_alive_impl(Nurse, Patient, call, ret); }
};
/// Recursively iterate over variadic template arguments
template <typename... Args> struct process_attributes {
static void init(const Args&... args, function_record *r) {
int unused[] = { 0, (process_attribute<typename std::decay<Args>::type>::init(args, r), 0) ... };
ignore_unused(unused);
}
static void init(const Args&... args, type_record *r) {
int unused[] = { 0, (process_attribute<typename std::decay<Args>::type>::init(args, r), 0) ... };
ignore_unused(unused);
}
static void precall(function_call &call) {
int unused[] = { 0, (process_attribute<typename std::decay<Args>::type>::precall(call), 0) ... };
ignore_unused(unused);
}
static void postcall(function_call &call, handle fn_ret) {
int unused[] = { 0, (process_attribute<typename std::decay<Args>::type>::postcall(call, fn_ret), 0) ... };
ignore_unused(unused);
}
};
template <typename T>
using is_call_guard = is_instantiation<call_guard, T>;
/// Extract the ``type`` from the first `call_guard` in `Extras...` (or `void_type` if none found)
template <typename... Extra>
using extract_guard_t = typename exactly_one_t<is_call_guard, call_guard<>, Extra...>::type;
/// Check the number of named arguments at compile time
template <typename... Extra,
size_t named = constexpr_sum(std::is_base_of<arg, Extra>::value...),
size_t self = constexpr_sum(std::is_same<is_method, Extra>::value...)>
constexpr bool expected_num_args(size_t nargs, bool has_args, bool has_kwargs) {
return named == 0 || (self + named + has_args + has_kwargs) == nargs;
}
NAMESPACE_END(detail)
NAMESPACE_END(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)