ext/pybind11/tests/test_methods_and_attributes.cpp - arm/gem5 - Git at Google

 /*
     tests/test_methods_and_attributes.cpp -- constructors, deconstructors, attribute access,
     __str__, argument and return value conventions

     Copyright (c) 2016 Wenzel Jakob <wenzel.jakob@epfl.ch>

     All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
     BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
 */

 #include "pybind11_tests.h"
 #include "constructor_stats.h"

 class ExampleMandA {
 public:
     ExampleMandA() { print_default_created(this); }
     ExampleMandA(int value) : value(value) { print_created(this, value); }
     ExampleMandA(const ExampleMandA &e) : value(e.value) { print_copy_created(this); }
     ExampleMandA(ExampleMandA &&e) : value(e.value) { print_move_created(this); }
     ~ExampleMandA() { print_destroyed(this); }

     std::string toString() {
         return "ExampleMandA[value=" + std::to_string(value) + "]";
     }

     void operator=(const ExampleMandA &e) { print_copy_assigned(this); value = e.value; }
     void operator=(ExampleMandA &&e) { print_move_assigned(this); value = e.value; }

     void add1(ExampleMandA other) { value += other.value; }           // passing by value
     void add2(ExampleMandA &other) { value += other.value; }          // passing by reference
     void add3(const ExampleMandA &other) { value += other.value; }    // passing by const reference
     void add4(ExampleMandA *other) { value += other->value; }         // passing by pointer
     void add5(const ExampleMandA *other) { value += other->value; }   // passing by const pointer

     void add6(int other) { value += other; }                      // passing by value
     void add7(int &other) { value += other; }                     // passing by reference
     void add8(const int &other) { value += other; }               // passing by const reference
     void add9(int *other) { value += *other; }                    // passing by pointer
     void add10(const int *other) { value += *other; }             // passing by const pointer

     ExampleMandA self1() { return *this; }                            // return by value
     ExampleMandA &self2() { return *this; }                           // return by reference
     const ExampleMandA &self3() { return *this; }                     // return by const reference
     ExampleMandA *self4() { return this; }                            // return by pointer
     const ExampleMandA *self5() { return this; }                      // return by const pointer

     int internal1() { return value; }                             // return by value
     int &internal2() { return value; }                            // return by reference
     const int &internal3() { return value; }                      // return by const reference
     int *internal4() { return &value; }                           // return by pointer
     const int *internal5() { return &value; }                     // return by const pointer

     py::str overloaded(int, float)   { return "(int, float)"; }
     py::str overloaded(float, int)   { return "(float, int)"; }
     py::str overloaded(int, int)     { return "(int, int)"; }
     py::str overloaded(float, float) { return "(float, float)"; }
     py::str overloaded(int, float)   const { return "(int, float) const"; }
     py::str overloaded(float, int)   const { return "(float, int) const"; }
     py::str overloaded(int, int)     const { return "(int, int) const"; }
     py::str overloaded(float, float) const { return "(float, float) const"; }

     int value = 0;
 };

 struct TestProperties {
     int value = 1;
     static int static_value;

     int get() const { return value; }
     void set(int v) { value = v; }

     static int static_get() { return static_value; }
     static void static_set(int v) { static_value = v; }
 };

 int TestProperties::static_value = 1;

 struct SimpleValue { int value = 1; };

 struct TestPropRVP {
     SimpleValue v1;
     SimpleValue v2;
     static SimpleValue sv1;
     static SimpleValue sv2;

     const SimpleValue &get1() const { return v1; }
     const SimpleValue &get2() const { return v2; }
     SimpleValue get_rvalue() const { return v2; }
     void set1(int v) { v1.value = v; }
     void set2(int v) { v2.value = v; }
 };

 SimpleValue TestPropRVP::sv1{};
 SimpleValue TestPropRVP::sv2{};

 class DynamicClass {
 public:
     DynamicClass() { print_default_created(this); }
     ~DynamicClass() { print_destroyed(this); }
 };

 class CppDerivedDynamicClass : public DynamicClass { };

 // py::arg/py::arg_v testing: these arguments just record their argument when invoked
 class ArgInspector1 { public: std::string arg = "(default arg inspector 1)"; };
 class ArgInspector2 { public: std::string arg = "(default arg inspector 2)"; };
 class ArgAlwaysConverts { };
 namespace pybind11 { namespace detail {
 template <> struct type_caster<ArgInspector1> {
 public:
     PYBIND11_TYPE_CASTER(ArgInspector1, _("ArgInspector1"));

     bool load(handle src, bool convert) {
         value.arg = "loading ArgInspector1 argument " +
             std::string(convert ? "WITH" : "WITHOUT") + " conversion allowed.  "
             "Argument value = " + (std::string) str(src);
         return true;
     }

     static handle cast(const ArgInspector1 &src, return_value_policy, handle) {
         return str(src.arg).release();
     }
 };
 template <> struct type_caster<ArgInspector2> {
 public:
     PYBIND11_TYPE_CASTER(ArgInspector2, _("ArgInspector2"));

     bool load(handle src, bool convert) {
         value.arg = "loading ArgInspector2 argument " +
             std::string(convert ? "WITH" : "WITHOUT") + " conversion allowed.  "
             "Argument value = " + (std::string) str(src);
         return true;
     }

     static handle cast(const ArgInspector2 &src, return_value_policy, handle) {
         return str(src.arg).release();
     }
 };
 template <> struct type_caster<ArgAlwaysConverts> {
 public:
     PYBIND11_TYPE_CASTER(ArgAlwaysConverts, _("ArgAlwaysConverts"));

     bool load(handle, bool convert) {
         return convert;
     }

     static handle cast(const ArgAlwaysConverts &, return_value_policy, handle) {
         return py::none();
     }
 };
 }}

 /// Issue/PR #648: bad arg default debugging output
 class NotRegistered {};

 test_initializer methods_and_attributes([](py::module &m) {
     py::class_<ExampleMandA>(m, "ExampleMandA")
         .def(py::init<>())
         .def(py::init<int>())
         .def(py::init<const ExampleMandA&>())
         .def("add1", &ExampleMandA::add1)
         .def("add2", &ExampleMandA::add2)
         .def("add3", &ExampleMandA::add3)
         .def("add4", &ExampleMandA::add4)
         .def("add5", &ExampleMandA::add5)
         .def("add6", &ExampleMandA::add6)
         .def("add7", &ExampleMandA::add7)
         .def("add8", &ExampleMandA::add8)
         .def("add9", &ExampleMandA::add9)
         .def("add10", &ExampleMandA::add10)
         .def("self1", &ExampleMandA::self1)
         .def("self2", &ExampleMandA::self2)
         .def("self3", &ExampleMandA::self3)
         .def("self4", &ExampleMandA::self4)
         .def("self5", &ExampleMandA::self5)
         .def("internal1", &ExampleMandA::internal1)
         .def("internal2", &ExampleMandA::internal2)
         .def("internal3", &ExampleMandA::internal3)
         .def("internal4", &ExampleMandA::internal4)
         .def("internal5", &ExampleMandA::internal5)
 #if defined(PYBIND11_OVERLOAD_CAST)
         .def("overloaded", py::overload_cast<int,   float>(&ExampleMandA::overloaded))
         .def("overloaded", py::overload_cast<float,   int>(&ExampleMandA::overloaded))
         .def("overloaded", py::overload_cast<int,     int>(&ExampleMandA::overloaded))
         .def("overloaded", py::overload_cast<float, float>(&ExampleMandA::overloaded))
         .def("overloaded_float", py::overload_cast<float, float>(&ExampleMandA::overloaded))
         .def("overloaded_const", py::overload_cast<int,   float>(&ExampleMandA::overloaded, py::const_))
         .def("overloaded_const", py::overload_cast<float,   int>(&ExampleMandA::overloaded, py::const_))
         .def("overloaded_const", py::overload_cast<int,     int>(&ExampleMandA::overloaded, py::const_))
         .def("overloaded_const", py::overload_cast<float, float>(&ExampleMandA::overloaded, py::const_))
 #else
         .def("overloaded", static_cast<py::str (ExampleMandA::*)(int,   float)>(&ExampleMandA::overloaded))
         .def("overloaded", static_cast<py::str (ExampleMandA::*)(float,   int)>(&ExampleMandA::overloaded))
         .def("overloaded", static_cast<py::str (ExampleMandA::*)(int,     int)>(&ExampleMandA::overloaded))
         .def("overloaded", static_cast<py::str (ExampleMandA::*)(float, float)>(&ExampleMandA::overloaded))
         .def("overloaded_float", static_cast<py::str (ExampleMandA::*)(float, float)>(&ExampleMandA::overloaded))
         .def("overloaded_const", static_cast<py::str (ExampleMandA::*)(int,   float) const>(&ExampleMandA::overloaded))
         .def("overloaded_const", static_cast<py::str (ExampleMandA::*)(float,   int) const>(&ExampleMandA::overloaded))
         .def("overloaded_const", static_cast<py::str (ExampleMandA::*)(int,     int) const>(&ExampleMandA::overloaded))
         .def("overloaded_const", static_cast<py::str (ExampleMandA::*)(float, float) const>(&ExampleMandA::overloaded))
 #endif
         .def("__str__", &ExampleMandA::toString)
         .def_readwrite("value", &ExampleMandA::value);

     py::class_<TestProperties>(m, "TestProperties")
         .def(py::init<>())
         .def_readonly("def_readonly", &TestProperties::value)
         .def_readwrite("def_readwrite", &TestProperties::value)
         .def_property_readonly("def_property_readonly", &TestProperties::get)
         .def_property("def_property", &TestProperties::get, &TestProperties::set)
         .def_readonly_static("def_readonly_static", &TestProperties::static_value)
         .def_readwrite_static("def_readwrite_static", &TestProperties::static_value)
         .def_property_readonly_static("def_property_readonly_static",
                                       [](py::object) { return TestProperties::static_get(); })
         .def_property_static("def_property_static",
                              [](py::object) { return TestProperties::static_get(); },
                              [](py::object, int v) { TestProperties::static_set(v); })
         .def_property_static("static_cls",
                              [](py::object cls) { return cls; },
                              [](py::object cls, py::function f) { f(cls); });

     py::class_<SimpleValue>(m, "SimpleValue")
         .def_readwrite("value", &SimpleValue::value);

     auto static_get1 = [](py::object) -> const SimpleValue & { return TestPropRVP::sv1; };
     auto static_get2 = [](py::object) -> const SimpleValue & { return TestPropRVP::sv2; };
     auto static_set1 = [](py::object, int v) { TestPropRVP::sv1.value = v; };
     auto static_set2 = [](py::object, int v) { TestPropRVP::sv2.value = v; };
     auto rvp_copy = py::return_value_policy::copy;

     py::class_<TestPropRVP>(m, "TestPropRVP")
         .def(py::init<>())
         .def_property_readonly("ro_ref", &TestPropRVP::get1)
         .def_property_readonly("ro_copy", &TestPropRVP::get2, rvp_copy)
         .def_property_readonly("ro_func", py::cpp_function(&TestPropRVP::get2, rvp_copy))
         .def_property("rw_ref", &TestPropRVP::get1, &TestPropRVP::set1)
         .def_property("rw_copy", &TestPropRVP::get2, &TestPropRVP::set2, rvp_copy)
         .def_property("rw_func", py::cpp_function(&TestPropRVP::get2, rvp_copy), &TestPropRVP::set2)
         .def_property_readonly_static("static_ro_ref", static_get1)
         .def_property_readonly_static("static_ro_copy", static_get2, rvp_copy)
         .def_property_readonly_static("static_ro_func", py::cpp_function(static_get2, rvp_copy))
         .def_property_static("static_rw_ref", static_get1, static_set1)
         .def_property_static("static_rw_copy", static_get2, static_set2, rvp_copy)
         .def_property_static("static_rw_func", py::cpp_function(static_get2, rvp_copy), static_set2)
         .def_property_readonly("rvalue", &TestPropRVP::get_rvalue)
         .def_property_readonly_static("static_rvalue", [](py::object) { return SimpleValue(); });

     struct MetaclassOverride { };
     py::class_<MetaclassOverride>(m, "MetaclassOverride", py::metaclass((PyObject *) &PyType_Type))
         .def_property_readonly_static("readonly", [](py::object) { return 1; });

 #if !defined(PYPY_VERSION)
     py::class_<DynamicClass>(m, "DynamicClass", py::dynamic_attr())
         .def(py::init());

     py::class_<CppDerivedDynamicClass, DynamicClass>(m, "CppDerivedDynamicClass")
         .def(py::init());
 #endif

     // Test converting.  The ArgAlwaysConverts is just there to make the first no-conversion pass
     // fail so that our call always ends up happening via the second dispatch (the one that allows
     // some conversion).
     class ArgInspector {
     public:
         ArgInspector1 f(ArgInspector1 a, ArgAlwaysConverts) { return a; }
         std::string g(ArgInspector1 a, const ArgInspector1 &b, int c, ArgInspector2 *d, ArgAlwaysConverts) {
             return a.arg + "\n" + b.arg + "\n" + std::to_string(c) + "\n" + d->arg;
         }
         static ArgInspector2 h(ArgInspector2 a, ArgAlwaysConverts) { return a; }
     };
     py::class_<ArgInspector>(m, "ArgInspector")
         .def(py::init<>())
         .def("f", &ArgInspector::f, py::arg(), py::arg() = ArgAlwaysConverts())
         .def("g", &ArgInspector::g, "a"_a.noconvert(), "b"_a, "c"_a.noconvert()=13, "d"_a=ArgInspector2(), py::arg() = ArgAlwaysConverts())
         .def_static("h", &ArgInspector::h, py::arg().noconvert(), py::arg() = ArgAlwaysConverts())
         ;
     m.def("arg_inspect_func", [](ArgInspector2 a, ArgInspector1 b, ArgAlwaysConverts) { return a.arg + "\n" + b.arg; },
             py::arg().noconvert(false), py::arg_v(nullptr, ArgInspector1()).noconvert(true), py::arg() = ArgAlwaysConverts());

     m.def("floats_preferred", [](double f) { return 0.5 * f; }, py::arg("f"));
     m.def("floats_only", [](double f) { return 0.5 * f; }, py::arg("f").noconvert());

     /// Issue/PR #648: bad arg default debugging output
 #if !defined(NDEBUG)
     m.attr("debug_enabled") = true;
 #else
     m.attr("debug_enabled") = false;
 #endif
     m.def("bad_arg_def_named", []{
         auto m = py::module::import("pybind11_tests.issues");
         m.def("should_fail", [](int, NotRegistered) {}, py::arg(), py::arg("a") = NotRegistered());
     });
     m.def("bad_arg_def_unnamed", []{
         auto m = py::module::import("pybind11_tests.issues");
         m.def("should_fail", [](int, NotRegistered) {}, py::arg(), py::arg() = NotRegistered());
     });
 });
	/*
	tests/test_methods_and_attributes.cpp -- constructors, deconstructors, attribute access,
	__str__, argument and return value conventions

	Copyright (c) 2016 Wenzel Jakob <wenzel.jakob@epfl.ch>

	All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
	BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
	*/

	#include "pybind11_tests.h"
	#include "constructor_stats.h"

	class ExampleMandA {
	public:
	ExampleMandA() { print_default_created(this); }
	ExampleMandA(int value) : value(value) { print_created(this, value); }
	ExampleMandA(const ExampleMandA &e) : value(e.value) { print_copy_created(this); }
	ExampleMandA(ExampleMandA &&e) : value(e.value) { print_move_created(this); }
	~ExampleMandA() { print_destroyed(this); }

	std::string toString() {
	return "ExampleMandA[value=" + std::to_string(value) + "]";
	}

	void operator=(const ExampleMandA &e) { print_copy_assigned(this); value = e.value; }
	void operator=(ExampleMandA &&e) { print_move_assigned(this); value = e.value; }

	void add1(ExampleMandA other) { value += other.value; } // passing by value
	void add2(ExampleMandA &other) { value += other.value; } // passing by reference
	void add3(const ExampleMandA &other) { value += other.value; } // passing by const reference
	void add4(ExampleMandA *other) { value += other->value; } // passing by pointer
	void add5(const ExampleMandA *other) { value += other->value; } // passing by const pointer

	void add6(int other) { value += other; } // passing by value
	void add7(int &other) { value += other; } // passing by reference
	void add8(const int &other) { value += other; } // passing by const reference
	void add9(int other) { value += other; } // passing by pointer
	void add10(const int other) { value += other; } // passing by const pointer

	ExampleMandA self1() { return *this; } // return by value
	ExampleMandA &self2() { return *this; } // return by reference
	const ExampleMandA &self3() { return *this; } // return by const reference
	ExampleMandA *self4() { return this; } // return by pointer
	const ExampleMandA *self5() { return this; } // return by const pointer

	int internal1() { return value; } // return by value
	int &internal2() { return value; } // return by reference
	const int &internal3() { return value; } // return by const reference
	int *internal4() { return &value; } // return by pointer
	const int *internal5() { return &value; } // return by const pointer

	py::str overloaded(int, float) { return "(int, float)"; }
	py::str overloaded(float, int) { return "(float, int)"; }
	py::str overloaded(int, int) { return "(int, int)"; }
	py::str overloaded(float, float) { return "(float, float)"; }
	py::str overloaded(int, float) const { return "(int, float) const"; }
	py::str overloaded(float, int) const { return "(float, int) const"; }
	py::str overloaded(int, int) const { return "(int, int) const"; }
	py::str overloaded(float, float) const { return "(float, float) const"; }

	int value = 0;
	};

	struct TestProperties {
	int value = 1;
	static int static_value;

	int get() const { return value; }
	void set(int v) { value = v; }

	static int static_get() { return static_value; }
	static void static_set(int v) { static_value = v; }
	};

	int TestProperties::static_value = 1;

	struct SimpleValue { int value = 1; };

	struct TestPropRVP {
	SimpleValue v1;
	SimpleValue v2;
	static SimpleValue sv1;
	static SimpleValue sv2;

	const SimpleValue &get1() const { return v1; }
	const SimpleValue &get2() const { return v2; }
	SimpleValue get_rvalue() const { return v2; }
	void set1(int v) { v1.value = v; }
	void set2(int v) { v2.value = v; }
	};

	SimpleValue TestPropRVP::sv1{};
	SimpleValue TestPropRVP::sv2{};

	class DynamicClass {
	public:
	DynamicClass() { print_default_created(this); }
	~DynamicClass() { print_destroyed(this); }
	};

	class CppDerivedDynamicClass : public DynamicClass { };

	// py::arg/py::arg_v testing: these arguments just record their argument when invoked
	class ArgInspector1 { public: std::string arg = "(default arg inspector 1)"; };
	class ArgInspector2 { public: std::string arg = "(default arg inspector 2)"; };
	class ArgAlwaysConverts { };
	namespace pybind11 { namespace detail {
	template <> struct type_caster<ArgInspector1> {
	public:
	PYBIND11_TYPE_CASTER(ArgInspector1, _("ArgInspector1"));

	bool load(handle src, bool convert) {
	value.arg = "loading ArgInspector1 argument " +
	std::string(convert ? "WITH" : "WITHOUT") + " conversion allowed. "
	"Argument value = " + (std::string) str(src);
	return true;
	}

	static handle cast(const ArgInspector1 &src, return_value_policy, handle) {
	return str(src.arg).release();
	}
	};
	template <> struct type_caster<ArgInspector2> {
	public:
	PYBIND11_TYPE_CASTER(ArgInspector2, _("ArgInspector2"));

	bool load(handle src, bool convert) {
	value.arg = "loading ArgInspector2 argument " +
	std::string(convert ? "WITH" : "WITHOUT") + " conversion allowed. "
	"Argument value = " + (std::string) str(src);
	return true;
	}

	static handle cast(const ArgInspector2 &src, return_value_policy, handle) {
	return str(src.arg).release();
	}
	};
	template <> struct type_caster<ArgAlwaysConverts> {
	public:
	PYBIND11_TYPE_CASTER(ArgAlwaysConverts, _("ArgAlwaysConverts"));

	bool load(handle, bool convert) {
	return convert;
	}

	static handle cast(const ArgAlwaysConverts &, return_value_policy, handle) {
	return py::none();
	}
	};
	}}

	/// Issue/PR #648: bad arg default debugging output
	class NotRegistered {};

	test_initializer methods_and_attributes([](py::module &m) {
	py::class_<ExampleMandA>(m, "ExampleMandA")
	.def(py::init<>())
	.def(py::init<int>())
	.def(py::init<const ExampleMandA&>())
	.def("add1", &ExampleMandA::add1)
	.def("add2", &ExampleMandA::add2)
	.def("add3", &ExampleMandA::add3)
	.def("add4", &ExampleMandA::add4)
	.def("add5", &ExampleMandA::add5)
	.def("add6", &ExampleMandA::add6)
	.def("add7", &ExampleMandA::add7)
	.def("add8", &ExampleMandA::add8)
	.def("add9", &ExampleMandA::add9)
	.def("add10", &ExampleMandA::add10)
	.def("self1", &ExampleMandA::self1)
	.def("self2", &ExampleMandA::self2)
	.def("self3", &ExampleMandA::self3)
	.def("self4", &ExampleMandA::self4)
	.def("self5", &ExampleMandA::self5)
	.def("internal1", &ExampleMandA::internal1)
	.def("internal2", &ExampleMandA::internal2)
	.def("internal3", &ExampleMandA::internal3)
	.def("internal4", &ExampleMandA::internal4)
	.def("internal5", &ExampleMandA::internal5)
	#if defined(PYBIND11_OVERLOAD_CAST)
	.def("overloaded", py::overload_cast<int, float>(&ExampleMandA::overloaded))
	.def("overloaded", py::overload_cast<float, int>(&ExampleMandA::overloaded))
	.def("overloaded", py::overload_cast<int, int>(&ExampleMandA::overloaded))
	.def("overloaded", py::overload_cast<float, float>(&ExampleMandA::overloaded))
	.def("overloaded_float", py::overload_cast<float, float>(&ExampleMandA::overloaded))
	.def("overloaded_const", py::overload_cast<int, float>(&ExampleMandA::overloaded, py::const_))
	.def("overloaded_const", py::overload_cast<float, int>(&ExampleMandA::overloaded, py::const_))
	.def("overloaded_const", py::overload_cast<int, int>(&ExampleMandA::overloaded, py::const_))
	.def("overloaded_const", py::overload_cast<float, float>(&ExampleMandA::overloaded, py::const_))
	#else
	.def("overloaded", static_cast<py::str (ExampleMandA::*)(int, float)>(&ExampleMandA::overloaded))
	.def("overloaded", static_cast<py::str (ExampleMandA::*)(float, int)>(&ExampleMandA::overloaded))
	.def("overloaded", static_cast<py::str (ExampleMandA::*)(int, int)>(&ExampleMandA::overloaded))
	.def("overloaded", static_cast<py::str (ExampleMandA::*)(float, float)>(&ExampleMandA::overloaded))
	.def("overloaded_float", static_cast<py::str (ExampleMandA::*)(float, float)>(&ExampleMandA::overloaded))
	.def("overloaded_const", static_cast<py::str (ExampleMandA::*)(int, float) const>(&ExampleMandA::overloaded))
	.def("overloaded_const", static_cast<py::str (ExampleMandA::*)(float, int) const>(&ExampleMandA::overloaded))
	.def("overloaded_const", static_cast<py::str (ExampleMandA::*)(int, int) const>(&ExampleMandA::overloaded))
	.def("overloaded_const", static_cast<py::str (ExampleMandA::*)(float, float) const>(&ExampleMandA::overloaded))
	#endif
	.def("__str__", &ExampleMandA::toString)
	.def_readwrite("value", &ExampleMandA::value);

	py::class_<TestProperties>(m, "TestProperties")
	.def(py::init<>())
	.def_readonly("def_readonly", &TestProperties::value)
	.def_readwrite("def_readwrite", &TestProperties::value)
	.def_property_readonly("def_property_readonly", &TestProperties::get)
	.def_property("def_property", &TestProperties::get, &TestProperties::set)
	.def_readonly_static("def_readonly_static", &TestProperties::static_value)
	.def_readwrite_static("def_readwrite_static", &TestProperties::static_value)
	.def_property_readonly_static("def_property_readonly_static",
	[](py::object) { return TestProperties::static_get(); })
	.def_property_static("def_property_static",
	[](py::object) { return TestProperties::static_get(); },
	[](py::object, int v) { TestProperties::static_set(v); })
	.def_property_static("static_cls",
	[](py::object cls) { return cls; },
	[](py::object cls, py::function f) { f(cls); });

	py::class_<SimpleValue>(m, "SimpleValue")
	.def_readwrite("value", &SimpleValue::value);

	auto static_get1 = [](py::object) -> const SimpleValue & { return TestPropRVP::sv1; };
	auto static_get2 = [](py::object) -> const SimpleValue & { return TestPropRVP::sv2; };
	auto static_set1 = [](py::object, int v) { TestPropRVP::sv1.value = v; };
	auto static_set2 = [](py::object, int v) { TestPropRVP::sv2.value = v; };
	auto rvp_copy = py::return_value_policy::copy;

	py::class_<TestPropRVP>(m, "TestPropRVP")
	.def(py::init<>())
	.def_property_readonly("ro_ref", &TestPropRVP::get1)
	.def_property_readonly("ro_copy", &TestPropRVP::get2, rvp_copy)
	.def_property_readonly("ro_func", py::cpp_function(&TestPropRVP::get2, rvp_copy))
	.def_property("rw_ref", &TestPropRVP::get1, &TestPropRVP::set1)
	.def_property("rw_copy", &TestPropRVP::get2, &TestPropRVP::set2, rvp_copy)
	.def_property("rw_func", py::cpp_function(&TestPropRVP::get2, rvp_copy), &TestPropRVP::set2)
	.def_property_readonly_static("static_ro_ref", static_get1)
	.def_property_readonly_static("static_ro_copy", static_get2, rvp_copy)
	.def_property_readonly_static("static_ro_func", py::cpp_function(static_get2, rvp_copy))
	.def_property_static("static_rw_ref", static_get1, static_set1)
	.def_property_static("static_rw_copy", static_get2, static_set2, rvp_copy)
	.def_property_static("static_rw_func", py::cpp_function(static_get2, rvp_copy), static_set2)
	.def_property_readonly("rvalue", &TestPropRVP::get_rvalue)
	.def_property_readonly_static("static_rvalue", [](py::object) { return SimpleValue(); });

	struct MetaclassOverride { };
	py::class_<MetaclassOverride>(m, "MetaclassOverride", py::metaclass((PyObject *) &PyType_Type))
	.def_property_readonly_static("readonly", [](py::object) { return 1; });

	#if !defined(PYPY_VERSION)
	py::class_<DynamicClass>(m, "DynamicClass", py::dynamic_attr())
	.def(py::init());

	py::class_<CppDerivedDynamicClass, DynamicClass>(m, "CppDerivedDynamicClass")
	.def(py::init());
	#endif

	// Test converting. The ArgAlwaysConverts is just there to make the first no-conversion pass
	// fail so that our call always ends up happening via the second dispatch (the one that allows
	// some conversion).
	class ArgInspector {
	public:
	ArgInspector1 f(ArgInspector1 a, ArgAlwaysConverts) { return a; }
	std::string g(ArgInspector1 a, const ArgInspector1 &b, int c, ArgInspector2 *d, ArgAlwaysConverts) {
	return a.arg + "\n" + b.arg + "\n" + std::to_string(c) + "\n" + d->arg;
	}
	static ArgInspector2 h(ArgInspector2 a, ArgAlwaysConverts) { return a; }
	};
	py::class_<ArgInspector>(m, "ArgInspector")
	.def(py::init<>())
	.def("f", &ArgInspector::f, py::arg(), py::arg() = ArgAlwaysConverts())
	.def("g", &ArgInspector::g, "a"_a.noconvert(), "b"_a, "c"_a.noconvert()=13, "d"_a=ArgInspector2(), py::arg() = ArgAlwaysConverts())
	.def_static("h", &ArgInspector::h, py::arg().noconvert(), py::arg() = ArgAlwaysConverts())
	;
	m.def("arg_inspect_func", [](ArgInspector2 a, ArgInspector1 b, ArgAlwaysConverts) { return a.arg + "\n" + b.arg; },
	py::arg().noconvert(false), py::arg_v(nullptr, ArgInspector1()).noconvert(true), py::arg() = ArgAlwaysConverts());

	m.def("floats_preferred", [](double f) { return 0.5 * f; }, py::arg("f"));
	m.def("floats_only", [](double f) { return 0.5 * f; }, py::arg("f").noconvert());

	/// Issue/PR #648: bad arg default debugging output
	#if !defined(NDEBUG)
	m.attr("debug_enabled") = true;
	#else
	m.attr("debug_enabled") = false;
	#endif
	m.def("bad_arg_def_named", []{
	auto m = py::module::import("pybind11_tests.issues");
	m.def("should_fail", [](int, NotRegistered) {}, py::arg(), py::arg("a") = NotRegistered());
	});
	m.def("bad_arg_def_unnamed", []{
	auto m = py::module::import("pybind11_tests.issues");
	m.def("should_fail", [](int, NotRegistered) {}, py::arg(), py::arg() = NotRegistered());
	});
	});