src/sim/serialize.cc - arm/gem5 - Git at Google

 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2002-2005 The Regents of The University of Michigan
  * Copyright (c) 2013 Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.
  * Copyright (c) 2013 Mark D. Hill and David A. Wood
  * All rights reserved.
  *
  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
  * met: redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
  * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer;
  * redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
  * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
  * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution;
  * neither the name of the copyright holders nor the names of its
  * contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
  * this software without specific prior written permission.
  *
  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
  * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
  * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
  * A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
  * OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
  * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
  * LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
  * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
  * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
  * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
  * OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
  *
  * Authors: Nathan Binkert
  *          Erik Hallnor
  *          Steve Reinhardt
  */

 #include <sys/stat.h>
 #include <sys/time.h>
 #include <sys/types.h>

 #include <cerrno>
 #include <fstream>
 #include <list>
 #include <string>
 #include <vector>

 #include "base/inifile.hh"
 #include "base/misc.hh"
 #include "base/output.hh"
 #include "base/str.hh"
 #include "base/trace.hh"
 #include "sim/eventq.hh"
 #include "sim/serialize.hh"
 #include "sim/sim_events.hh"
 #include "sim/sim_exit.hh"
 #include "sim/sim_object.hh"

 // For stat reset hack
 #include "sim/stat_control.hh"

 using namespace std;

 extern SimObject *resolveSimObject(const string &);

 //
 // The base implementations use to_number for parsing and '<<' for
 // displaying, suitable for integer types.
 //
 template <class T>
 bool
 parseParam(const string &s, T &value)
 {
     return to_number(s, value);
 }

 template <class T>
 void
 showParam(ostream &os, const T &value)
 {
     os << value;
 }

 //
 // Template specializations:
 // - char (8-bit integer)
 // - floating-point types
 // - bool
 // - string
 //

 // Treat 8-bit ints (chars) as ints on output, not as chars
 template <>
 void
 showParam(ostream &os, const char &value)
 {
     os << (int)value;
 }


 template <>
 void
 showParam(ostream &os, const signed char &value)
 {
     os << (int)value;
 }


 template <>
 void
 showParam(ostream &os, const unsigned char &value)
 {
     os << (unsigned int)value;
 }


 template <>
 bool
 parseParam(const string &s, float &value)
 {
     return to_number(s, value);
 }

 template <>
 bool
 parseParam(const string &s, double &value)
 {
     return to_number(s, value);
 }

 template <>
 bool
 parseParam(const string &s, bool &value)
 {
     return to_bool(s, value);
 }

 // Display bools as strings
 template <>
 void
 showParam(ostream &os, const bool &value)
 {
     os << (value ? "true" : "false");
 }


 // String requires no processing to speak of
 template <>
 bool
 parseParam(const string &s, string &value)
 {
     value = s;
     return true;
 }

 int Serializable::ckptMaxCount = 0;
 int Serializable::ckptCount = 0;
 int Serializable::ckptPrevCount = -1;

 void
 Serializable::nameOut(ostream &os)
 {
     os << "\n[" << name() << "]\n";
 }

 void
 Serializable::nameOut(ostream &os, const string &_name)
 {
     os << "\n[" << _name << "]\n";
 }

 template <class T>
 void
 paramOut(ostream &os, const string &name, const T &param)
 {
     os << name << "=";
     showParam(os, param);
     os << "\n";
 }

 template <class T>
 void
 arrayParamOut(ostream &os, const string &name, const vector<T> &param)
 {
     typename vector<T>::size_type size = param.size();
     os << name << "=";
     if (size > 0)
         showParam(os, param[0]);
     for (typename vector<T>::size_type i = 1; i < size; ++i) {
         os << " ";
         showParam(os, param[i]);
     }
     os << "\n";
 }

 template <class T>
 void
 arrayParamOut(ostream &os, const string &name, const list<T> &param)
 {
     typename list<T>::const_iterator it = param.begin();

     os << name << "=";
     if (param.size() > 0)
         showParam(os, *it);
     it++;
     while (it != param.end()) {
         os << " ";
         showParam(os, *it);
         it++;
     }
     os << "\n";
 }

 template <class T>
 void
 paramIn(Checkpoint *cp, const string &section, const string &name, T &param)
 {
     string str;
     if (!cp->find(section, name, str) || !parseParam(str, param)) {
         fatal("Can't unserialize '%s:%s'\n", section, name);
     }
 }

 template <class T>
 bool
 optParamIn(Checkpoint *cp, const string &section, const string &name, T &param)
 {
     string str;
     if (!cp->find(section, name, str) || !parseParam(str, param)) {
         warn("optional parameter %s:%s not present\n", section, name);
         return false;
     } else {
         return true;
     }
 }

 template <class T>
 void
 arrayParamOut(ostream &os, const string &name, const T *param, unsigned size)
 {
     os << name << "=";
     if (size > 0)
         showParam(os, param[0]);
     for (unsigned i = 1; i < size; ++i) {
         os << " ";
         showParam(os, param[i]);
     }
     os << "\n";
 }


 template <class T>
 void
 arrayParamIn(Checkpoint *cp, const string &section, const string &name,
              T *param, unsigned size)
 {
     string str;
     if (!cp->find(section, name, str)) {
         fatal("Can't unserialize '%s:%s'\n", section, name);
     }

     // code below stolen from VectorParam<T>::parse().
     // it would be nice to unify these somehow...

     vector<string> tokens;

     tokenize(tokens, str, ' ');

     // Need this if we were doing a vector
     // value.resize(tokens.size());

     if (tokens.size() != size) {
         fatal("Array size mismatch on %s:%s'\n", section, name);
     }

     for (vector<string>::size_type i = 0; i < tokens.size(); i++) {
         // need to parse into local variable to handle vector<bool>,
         // for which operator[] returns a special reference class
         // that's not the same as 'bool&', (since it's a packed
         // vector)
         T scalar_value = 0;
         if (!parseParam(tokens[i], scalar_value)) {
             string err("could not parse \"");

             err += str;
             err += "\"";

             fatal(err);
         }

         // assign parsed value to vector
         param[i] = scalar_value;
     }
 }

 template <class T>
 void
 arrayParamIn(Checkpoint *cp, const string &section,
              const string &name, vector<T> &param)
 {
     string str;
     if (!cp->find(section, name, str)) {
         fatal("Can't unserialize '%s:%s'\n", section, name);
     }

     // code below stolen from VectorParam<T>::parse().
     // it would be nice to unify these somehow...

     vector<string> tokens;

     tokenize(tokens, str, ' ');

     // Need this if we were doing a vector
     // value.resize(tokens.size());

     param.resize(tokens.size());

     for (vector<string>::size_type i = 0; i < tokens.size(); i++) {
         // need to parse into local variable to handle vector<bool>,
         // for which operator[] returns a special reference class
         // that's not the same as 'bool&', (since it's a packed
         // vector)
         T scalar_value = 0;
         if (!parseParam(tokens[i], scalar_value)) {
             string err("could not parse \"");

             err += str;
             err += "\"";

             fatal(err);
         }

         // assign parsed value to vector
         param[i] = scalar_value;
     }
 }

 template <class T>
 void
 arrayParamIn(Checkpoint *cp, const string &section,
              const string &name, list<T> &param)
 {
     string str;
     if (!cp->find(section, name, str)) {
         fatal("Can't unserialize '%s:%s'\n", section, name);
     }
     param.clear();

     vector<string> tokens;
     tokenize(tokens, str, ' ');

     for (vector<string>::size_type i = 0; i < tokens.size(); i++) {
         T scalar_value = 0;
         if (!parseParam(tokens[i], scalar_value)) {
             string err("could not parse \"");

             err += str;
             err += "\"";

             fatal(err);
         }

         // assign parsed value to vector
         param.push_back(scalar_value);
     }
 }


 void
 objParamIn(Checkpoint *cp, const string &section,
            const string &name, SimObject * &param)
 {
     if (!cp->findObj(section, name, param)) {
         fatal("Can't unserialize '%s:%s'\n", section, name);
     }
 }


 #define INSTANTIATE_PARAM_TEMPLATES(type)                               \
 template void                                                           \
 paramOut(ostream &os, const string &name, type const &param);           \
 template void                                                           \
 paramIn(Checkpoint *cp, const string &section,                          \
         const string &name, type & param);                              \
 template bool                                                           \
 optParamIn(Checkpoint *cp, const string &section,                       \
         const string &name, type & param);                              \
 template void                                                           \
 arrayParamOut(ostream &os, const string &name,                          \
               type const *param, unsigned size);                        \
 template void                                                           \
 arrayParamIn(Checkpoint *cp, const string &section,                     \
              const string &name, type *param, unsigned size);           \
 template void                                                           \
 arrayParamOut(ostream &os, const string &name,                          \
               const vector<type> &param);                               \
 template void                                                           \
 arrayParamIn(Checkpoint *cp, const string &section,                     \
              const string &name, vector<type> &param);                  \
 template void                                                           \
 arrayParamOut(ostream &os, const string &name,                          \
               const list<type> &param);                                 \
 template void                                                           \
 arrayParamIn(Checkpoint *cp, const string &section,                     \
              const string &name, list<type> &param);

 INSTANTIATE_PARAM_TEMPLATES(char)
 INSTANTIATE_PARAM_TEMPLATES(signed char)
 INSTANTIATE_PARAM_TEMPLATES(unsigned char)
 INSTANTIATE_PARAM_TEMPLATES(signed short)
 INSTANTIATE_PARAM_TEMPLATES(unsigned short)
 INSTANTIATE_PARAM_TEMPLATES(signed int)
 INSTANTIATE_PARAM_TEMPLATES(unsigned int)
 INSTANTIATE_PARAM_TEMPLATES(signed long)
 INSTANTIATE_PARAM_TEMPLATES(unsigned long)
 INSTANTIATE_PARAM_TEMPLATES(signed long long)
 INSTANTIATE_PARAM_TEMPLATES(unsigned long long)
 INSTANTIATE_PARAM_TEMPLATES(bool)
 INSTANTIATE_PARAM_TEMPLATES(float)
 INSTANTIATE_PARAM_TEMPLATES(double)
 INSTANTIATE_PARAM_TEMPLATES(string)


 /////////////////////////////

 /// Container for serializing global variables (not associated with
 /// any serialized object).
 class Globals : public Serializable
 {
   public:
     const string name() const;
     void serialize(ostream &os);
     void unserialize(Checkpoint *cp, const std::string &section);
 };

 /// The one and only instance of the Globals class.
 Globals globals;

 const string
 Globals::name() const
 {
     return "Globals";
 }

 void
 Globals::serialize(ostream &os)
 {
     nameOut(os);
     paramOut(os, "curTick", curTick());

     paramOut(os, "numMainEventQueues", numMainEventQueues);

     for (uint32_t i = 0; i < numMainEventQueues; ++i) {
         nameOut(os, "MainEventQueue");
         mainEventQueue[i]->serialize(os);
     }
 }

 void
 Globals::unserialize(Checkpoint *cp, const std::string &section)
 {
     Tick tick;
     paramIn(cp, section, "curTick", tick);
     paramIn(cp, section, "numMainEventQueues", numMainEventQueues);

     for (uint32_t i = 0; i < numMainEventQueues; ++i) {
         mainEventQueue[i]->setCurTick(tick);
         mainEventQueue[i]->unserialize(cp, "MainEventQueue");
     }
 }

 Serializable::Serializable()
 {
 }

 Serializable::~Serializable()
 {
 }

 void
 Serializable::serialize(ostream &os)
 {
 }

 void
 Serializable::unserialize(Checkpoint *cp, const string &section)
 {
 }

 void
 Serializable::serializeAll(const string &cpt_dir)
 {
     string dir = Checkpoint::setDir(cpt_dir);
     if (mkdir(dir.c_str(), 0775) == -1 && errno != EEXIST)
             fatal("couldn't mkdir %s\n", dir);

     string cpt_file = dir + Checkpoint::baseFilename;
     ofstream outstream(cpt_file.c_str());
     time_t t = time(NULL);
     if (!outstream.is_open())
         fatal("Unable to open file %s for writing\n", cpt_file.c_str());
     outstream << "## checkpoint generated: " << ctime(&t);

     globals.serialize(outstream);
     SimObject::serializeAll(outstream);
 }

 void
 Serializable::unserializeGlobals(Checkpoint *cp)
 {
   globals.unserialize(cp, globals.name());
 }

 void
 debug_serialize(const string &cpt_dir)
 {
     Serializable::serializeAll(cpt_dir);
 }


 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 //
 // SerializableClass member definitions
 //
 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

 // Map of class names to SerializableBuilder creation functions.
 // Need to make this a pointer so we can force initialization on the
 // first reference; otherwise, some SerializableClass constructors
 // may be invoked before the classMap constructor.
 map<string, SerializableClass::CreateFunc> *SerializableClass::classMap = 0;

 // SerializableClass constructor: add mapping to classMap
 SerializableClass::SerializableClass(const string &className,
                                      CreateFunc createFunc)
 {
     if (classMap == NULL)
         classMap = new map<string, SerializableClass::CreateFunc>();

     if ((*classMap)[className])
         fatal("Error: simulation object class %s redefined\n", className);

     // add className --> createFunc to class map
     (*classMap)[className] = createFunc;
 }

 //
 //
 Serializable *
 SerializableClass::createObject(Checkpoint *cp, const string &section)
 {
     string className;

     if (!cp->find(section, "type", className)) {
         fatal("Serializable::create: no 'type' entry in section '%s'.\n",
               section);
     }

     CreateFunc createFunc = (*classMap)[className];

     if (createFunc == NULL) {
         fatal("Serializable::create: no create function for class '%s'.\n",
               className);
     }

     Serializable *object = createFunc(cp, section);

     assert(object != NULL);

     return object;
 }


 Serializable *
 Serializable::create(Checkpoint *cp, const string &section)
 {
     Serializable *object = SerializableClass::createObject(cp, section);
     object->unserialize(cp, section);
     return object;
 }


 const char *Checkpoint::baseFilename = "m5.cpt";

 string Checkpoint::currentDirectory;

 string
 Checkpoint::setDir(const string &name)
 {
     // use csprintf to insert curTick() into directory name if it
     // appears to have a format placeholder in it.
     currentDirectory = (name.find("%") != string::npos) ?
         csprintf(name, curTick()) : name;
     if (currentDirectory[currentDirectory.size() - 1] != '/')
         currentDirectory += "/";
     return currentDirectory;
 }

 string
 Checkpoint::dir()
 {
     return currentDirectory;
 }


 Checkpoint::Checkpoint(const string &cpt_dir)
     : db(new IniFile), cptDir(setDir(cpt_dir))
 {
     string filename = cptDir + "/" + Checkpoint::baseFilename;
     if (!db->load(filename)) {
         fatal("Can't load checkpoint file '%s'\n", filename);
     }
 }

 Checkpoint::~Checkpoint()
 {
     delete db;
 }

 bool
 Checkpoint::find(const string &section, const string &entry, string &value)
 {
     return db->find(section, entry, value);
 }


 bool
 Checkpoint::findObj(const string &section, const string &entry,
                     SimObject *&value)
 {
     string path;

     if (!db->find(section, entry, path))
         return false;

     value = resolveSimObject(path);
     return true;
 }


 bool
 Checkpoint::sectionExists(const string &section)
 {
     return db->sectionExists(section);
 }
	/*
	* Copyright (c) 2002-2005 The Regents of The University of Michigan
	* Copyright (c) 2013 Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.
	* Copyright (c) 2013 Mark D. Hill and David A. Wood
	* All rights reserved.
	*
	* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
	* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
	* met: redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
	* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer;
	* redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
	* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
	* documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution;
	* neither the name of the copyright holders nor the names of its
	* contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
	* this software without specific prior written permission.
	*
	* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
	* "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
	* LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
	* A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
	* OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
	* SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
	* LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
	* DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
	* THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
	* (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
	* OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
	*
	* Authors: Nathan Binkert
	* Erik Hallnor
	* Steve Reinhardt
	*/

	#include <sys/stat.h>
	#include <sys/time.h>
	#include <sys/types.h>

	#include <cerrno>
	#include <fstream>
	#include <list>
	#include <string>
	#include <vector>

	#include "base/inifile.hh"
	#include "base/misc.hh"
	#include "base/output.hh"
	#include "base/str.hh"
	#include "base/trace.hh"
	#include "sim/eventq.hh"
	#include "sim/serialize.hh"
	#include "sim/sim_events.hh"
	#include "sim/sim_exit.hh"
	#include "sim/sim_object.hh"

	// For stat reset hack
	#include "sim/stat_control.hh"

	using namespace std;

	extern SimObject *resolveSimObject(const string &);

	//
	// The base implementations use to_number for parsing and '<<' for
	// displaying, suitable for integer types.
	//
	template <class T>
	bool
	parseParam(const string &s, T &value)
	{
	return to_number(s, value);
	}

	template <class T>
	void
	showParam(ostream &os, const T &value)
	{
	os << value;
	}

	//
	// Template specializations:
	// - char (8-bit integer)
	// - floating-point types
	// - bool
	// - string
	//

	// Treat 8-bit ints (chars) as ints on output, not as chars
	template <>
	void
	showParam(ostream &os, const char &value)
	{
	os << (int)value;
	}


	template <>
	void
	showParam(ostream &os, const signed char &value)
	{
	os << (int)value;
	}


	template <>
	void
	showParam(ostream &os, const unsigned char &value)
	{
	os << (unsigned int)value;
	}


	template <>
	bool
	parseParam(const string &s, float &value)
	{
	return to_number(s, value);
	}

	template <>
	bool
	parseParam(const string &s, double &value)
	{
	return to_number(s, value);
	}

	template <>
	bool
	parseParam(const string &s, bool &value)
	{
	return to_bool(s, value);
	}

	// Display bools as strings
	template <>
	void
	showParam(ostream &os, const bool &value)
	{
	os << (value ? "true" : "false");
	}


	// String requires no processing to speak of
	template <>
	bool
	parseParam(const string &s, string &value)
	{
	value = s;
	return true;
	}

	int Serializable::ckptMaxCount = 0;
	int Serializable::ckptCount = 0;
	int Serializable::ckptPrevCount = -1;

	void
	Serializable::nameOut(ostream &os)
	{
	os << "\n[" << name() << "]\n";
	}

	void
	Serializable::nameOut(ostream &os, const string &_name)
	{
	os << "\n[" << _name << "]\n";
	}

	template <class T>
	void
	paramOut(ostream &os, const string &name, const T &param)
	{
	os << name << "=";
	showParam(os, param);
	os << "\n";
	}

	template <class T>
	void
	arrayParamOut(ostream &os, const string &name, const vector<T> &param)
	{
	typename vector<T>::size_type size = param.size();
	os << name << "=";
	if (size > 0)
	showParam(os, param[0]);
	for (typename vector<T>::size_type i = 1; i < size; ++i) {
	os << " ";
	showParam(os, param[i]);
	}
	os << "\n";
	}

	template <class T>
	void
	arrayParamOut(ostream &os, const string &name, const list<T> &param)
	{
	typename list<T>::const_iterator it = param.begin();

	os << name << "=";
	if (param.size() > 0)
	showParam(os, *it);
	it++;
	while (it != param.end()) {
	os << " ";
	showParam(os, *it);
	it++;
	}
	os << "\n";
	}

	template <class T>
	void
	paramIn(Checkpoint *cp, const string &section, const string &name, T &param)
	{
	string str;
	if (!cp->find(section, name, str) \|\| !parseParam(str, param)) {
	fatal("Can't unserialize '%s:%s'\n", section, name);
	}
	}

	template <class T>
	bool
	optParamIn(Checkpoint *cp, const string &section, const string &name, T &param)
	{
	string str;
	if (!cp->find(section, name, str) \|\| !parseParam(str, param)) {
	warn("optional parameter %s:%s not present\n", section, name);
	return false;
	} else {
	return true;
	}
	}

	template <class T>
	void
	arrayParamOut(ostream &os, const string &name, const T *param, unsigned size)
	{
	os << name << "=";
	if (size > 0)
	showParam(os, param[0]);
	for (unsigned i = 1; i < size; ++i) {
	os << " ";
	showParam(os, param[i]);
	}
	os << "\n";
	}


	template <class T>
	void
	arrayParamIn(Checkpoint *cp, const string &section, const string &name,
	T *param, unsigned size)
	{
	string str;
	if (!cp->find(section, name, str)) {
	fatal("Can't unserialize '%s:%s'\n", section, name);
	}

	// code below stolen from VectorParam<T>::parse().
	// it would be nice to unify these somehow...

	vector<string> tokens;

	tokenize(tokens, str, ' ');

	// Need this if we were doing a vector
	// value.resize(tokens.size());

	if (tokens.size() != size) {
	fatal("Array size mismatch on %s:%s'\n", section, name);
	}

	for (vector<string>::size_type i = 0; i < tokens.size(); i++) {
	// need to parse into local variable to handle vector<bool>,
	// for which operator[] returns a special reference class
	// that's not the same as 'bool&', (since it's a packed
	// vector)
	T scalar_value = 0;
	if (!parseParam(tokens[i], scalar_value)) {
	string err("could not parse \"");

	err += str;
	err += "\"";

	fatal(err);
	}

	// assign parsed value to vector
	param[i] = scalar_value;
	}
	}

	template <class T>
	void
	arrayParamIn(Checkpoint *cp, const string &section,
	const string &name, vector<T> &param)
	{
	string str;
	if (!cp->find(section, name, str)) {
	fatal("Can't unserialize '%s:%s'\n", section, name);
	}

	// code below stolen from VectorParam<T>::parse().
	// it would be nice to unify these somehow...

	vector<string> tokens;

	tokenize(tokens, str, ' ');

	// Need this if we were doing a vector
	// value.resize(tokens.size());

	param.resize(tokens.size());

	for (vector<string>::size_type i = 0; i < tokens.size(); i++) {
	// need to parse into local variable to handle vector<bool>,
	// for which operator[] returns a special reference class
	// that's not the same as 'bool&', (since it's a packed
	// vector)
	T scalar_value = 0;
	if (!parseParam(tokens[i], scalar_value)) {
	string err("could not parse \"");

	err += str;
	err += "\"";

	fatal(err);
	}

	// assign parsed value to vector
	param[i] = scalar_value;
	}
	}

	template <class T>
	void
	arrayParamIn(Checkpoint *cp, const string &section,
	const string &name, list<T> &param)
	{
	string str;
	if (!cp->find(section, name, str)) {
	fatal("Can't unserialize '%s:%s'\n", section, name);
	}
	param.clear();

	vector<string> tokens;
	tokenize(tokens, str, ' ');

	for (vector<string>::size_type i = 0; i < tokens.size(); i++) {
	T scalar_value = 0;
	if (!parseParam(tokens[i], scalar_value)) {
	string err("could not parse \"");

	err += str;
	err += "\"";

	fatal(err);
	}

	// assign parsed value to vector
	param.push_back(scalar_value);
	}
	}


	void
	objParamIn(Checkpoint *cp, const string &section,
	const string &name, SimObject * &param)
	{
	if (!cp->findObj(section, name, param)) {
	fatal("Can't unserialize '%s:%s'\n", section, name);
	}
	}


	#define INSTANTIATE_PARAM_TEMPLATES(type) \
	template void \
	paramOut(ostream &os, const string &name, type const &param); \
	template void \
	paramIn(Checkpoint *cp, const string &section, \
	const string &name, type & param); \
	template bool \
	optParamIn(Checkpoint *cp, const string &section, \
	const string &name, type & param); \
	template void \
	arrayParamOut(ostream &os, const string &name, \
	type const *param, unsigned size); \
	template void \
	arrayParamIn(Checkpoint *cp, const string &section, \
	const string &name, type *param, unsigned size); \
	template void \
	arrayParamOut(ostream &os, const string &name, \
	const vector<type> &param); \
	template void \
	arrayParamIn(Checkpoint *cp, const string &section, \
	const string &name, vector<type> &param); \
	template void \
	arrayParamOut(ostream &os, const string &name, \
	const list<type> &param); \
	template void \
	arrayParamIn(Checkpoint *cp, const string &section, \
	const string &name, list<type> &param);

	INSTANTIATE_PARAM_TEMPLATES(char)
	INSTANTIATE_PARAM_TEMPLATES(signed char)
	INSTANTIATE_PARAM_TEMPLATES(unsigned char)
	INSTANTIATE_PARAM_TEMPLATES(signed short)
	INSTANTIATE_PARAM_TEMPLATES(unsigned short)
	INSTANTIATE_PARAM_TEMPLATES(signed int)
	INSTANTIATE_PARAM_TEMPLATES(unsigned int)
	INSTANTIATE_PARAM_TEMPLATES(signed long)
	INSTANTIATE_PARAM_TEMPLATES(unsigned long)
	INSTANTIATE_PARAM_TEMPLATES(signed long long)
	INSTANTIATE_PARAM_TEMPLATES(unsigned long long)
	INSTANTIATE_PARAM_TEMPLATES(bool)
	INSTANTIATE_PARAM_TEMPLATES(float)
	INSTANTIATE_PARAM_TEMPLATES(double)
	INSTANTIATE_PARAM_TEMPLATES(string)


	/////////////////////////////

	/// Container for serializing global variables (not associated with
	/// any serialized object).
	class Globals : public Serializable
	{
	public:
	const string name() const;
	void serialize(ostream &os);
	void unserialize(Checkpoint *cp, const std::string &section);
	};

	/// The one and only instance of the Globals class.
	Globals globals;

	const string
	Globals::name() const
	{
	return "Globals";
	}

	void
	Globals::serialize(ostream &os)
	{
	nameOut(os);
	paramOut(os, "curTick", curTick());

	paramOut(os, "numMainEventQueues", numMainEventQueues);

	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < numMainEventQueues; ++i) {
	nameOut(os, "MainEventQueue");
	mainEventQueue[i]->serialize(os);
	}
	}

	void
	Globals::unserialize(Checkpoint *cp, const std::string &section)
	{
	Tick tick;
	paramIn(cp, section, "curTick", tick);
	paramIn(cp, section, "numMainEventQueues", numMainEventQueues);

	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < numMainEventQueues; ++i) {
	mainEventQueue[i]->setCurTick(tick);
	mainEventQueue[i]->unserialize(cp, "MainEventQueue");
	}
	}

	Serializable::Serializable()
	{
	}

	Serializable::~Serializable()
	{
	}

	void
	Serializable::serialize(ostream &os)
	{
	}

	void
	Serializable::unserialize(Checkpoint *cp, const string &section)
	{
	}

	void
	Serializable::serializeAll(const string &cpt_dir)
	{
	string dir = Checkpoint::setDir(cpt_dir);
	if (mkdir(dir.c_str(), 0775) == -1 && errno != EEXIST)
	fatal("couldn't mkdir %s\n", dir);

	string cpt_file = dir + Checkpoint::baseFilename;
	ofstream outstream(cpt_file.c_str());
	time_t t = time(NULL);
	if (!outstream.is_open())
	fatal("Unable to open file %s for writing\n", cpt_file.c_str());
	outstream << "## checkpoint generated: " << ctime(&t);

	globals.serialize(outstream);
	SimObject::serializeAll(outstream);
	}

	void
	Serializable::unserializeGlobals(Checkpoint *cp)
	{
	globals.unserialize(cp, globals.name());
	}

	void
	debug_serialize(const string &cpt_dir)
	{
	Serializable::serializeAll(cpt_dir);
	}


	////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
	//
	// SerializableClass member definitions
	//
	////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

	// Map of class names to SerializableBuilder creation functions.
	// Need to make this a pointer so we can force initialization on the
	// first reference; otherwise, some SerializableClass constructors
	// may be invoked before the classMap constructor.
	map<string, SerializableClass::CreateFunc> *SerializableClass::classMap = 0;

	// SerializableClass constructor: add mapping to classMap
	SerializableClass::SerializableClass(const string &className,
	CreateFunc createFunc)
	{
	if (classMap == NULL)
	classMap = new map<string, SerializableClass::CreateFunc>();

	if ((*classMap)[className])
	fatal("Error: simulation object class %s redefined\n", className);

	// add className --> createFunc to class map
	(*classMap)[className] = createFunc;
	}

	//
	//
	Serializable *
	SerializableClass::createObject(Checkpoint *cp, const string &section)
	{
	string className;

	if (!cp->find(section, "type", className)) {
	fatal("Serializable::create: no 'type' entry in section '%s'.\n",
	section);
	}

	CreateFunc createFunc = (*classMap)[className];

	if (createFunc == NULL) {
	fatal("Serializable::create: no create function for class '%s'.\n",
	className);
	}

	Serializable *object = createFunc(cp, section);

	assert(object != NULL);

	return object;
	}


	Serializable *
	Serializable::create(Checkpoint *cp, const string &section)
	{
	Serializable *object = SerializableClass::createObject(cp, section);
	object->unserialize(cp, section);
	return object;
	}


	const char *Checkpoint::baseFilename = "m5.cpt";

	string Checkpoint::currentDirectory;

	string
	Checkpoint::setDir(const string &name)
	{
	// use csprintf to insert curTick() into directory name if it
	// appears to have a format placeholder in it.
	currentDirectory = (name.find("%") != string::npos) ?
	csprintf(name, curTick()) : name;
	if (currentDirectory[currentDirectory.size() - 1] != '/')
	currentDirectory += "/";
	return currentDirectory;
	}

	string
	Checkpoint::dir()
	{
	return currentDirectory;
	}


	Checkpoint::Checkpoint(const string &cpt_dir)
	: db(new IniFile), cptDir(setDir(cpt_dir))
	{
	string filename = cptDir + "/" + Checkpoint::baseFilename;
	if (!db->load(filename)) {
	fatal("Can't load checkpoint file '%s'\n", filename);
	}
	}

	Checkpoint::~Checkpoint()
	{
	delete db;
	}

	bool
	Checkpoint::find(const string &section, const string &entry, string &value)
	{
	return db->find(section, entry, value);
	}


	bool
	Checkpoint::findObj(const string &section, const string &entry,
	SimObject *&value)
	{
	string path;

	if (!db->find(section, entry, path))
	return false;

	value = resolveSimObject(path);
	return true;
	}


	bool
	Checkpoint::sectionExists(const string &section)
	{
	return db->sectionExists(section);
	}