| | | |
| | stan.sa 3.3 7/29/91 | |
| | | |
| | The entry point stan computes the tangent of | |
| | an input argument; | |
| | stand does the same except for denormalized input. | |
| | | |
| | Input: Double-extended number X in location pointed to | |
| | by address register a0. | |
| | | |
| | Output: The value tan(X) returned in floating-point register Fp0. | |
| | | |
| | Accuracy and Monotonicity: The returned result is within 3 ulp in | |
| | 64 significant bit, i.e. within 0.5001 ulp to 53 bits if the | |
| | result is subsequently rounded to double precision. The | |
| | result is provably monotonic in double precision. | |
| | | |
| | Speed: The program sTAN takes approximately 170 cycles for | |
| | input argument X such that |X| < 15Pi, which is the usual | |
| | situation. | |
| | | |
| | Algorithm: | |
| | | |
| | 1. If |X| >= 15Pi or |X| < 2**(-40), go to 6. | |
| | | |
| | 2. Decompose X as X = N(Pi/2) + r where |r| <= Pi/4. Let | |
| | k = N mod 2, so in particular, k = 0 or 1. | |
| | | |
| | 3. If k is odd, go to 5. | |
| | | |
| | 4. (k is even) Tan(X) = tan(r) and tan(r) is approximated by a | |
| | rational function U/V where | |
| | U = r + r*s*(P1 + s*(P2 + s*P3)), and | |
| | V = 1 + s*(Q1 + s*(Q2 + s*(Q3 + s*Q4))), s = r*r. | |
| | Exit. | |
| | | |
| | 4. (k is odd) Tan(X) = -cot(r). Since tan(r) is approximated by a | |
| | rational function U/V where | |
| | U = r + r*s*(P1 + s*(P2 + s*P3)), and | |
| | V = 1 + s*(Q1 + s*(Q2 + s*(Q3 + s*Q4))), s = r*r, | |
| | -Cot(r) = -V/U. Exit. | |
| | | |
| | 6. If |X| > 1, go to 8. | |
| | | |
| | 7. (|X|<2**(-40)) Tan(X) = X. Exit. | |
| | | |
| | 8. Overwrite X by X := X rem 2Pi. Now that |X| <= Pi, go back to 2. | |
| | | |
| | Copyright (C) Motorola, Inc. 1990 | |
| | All Rights Reserved | |
| | | |
| | For details on the license for this file, please see the | |
| | file, README, in this same directory. | |
| |STAN idnt 2,1 | Motorola 040 Floating Point Software Package | |
| |section 8 | |
| #include "fpsp.h" | |
| BOUNDS1: .long 0x3FD78000,0x4004BC7E | |
| TWOBYPI: .long 0x3FE45F30,0x6DC9C883 | |
| TANQ4: .long 0x3EA0B759,0xF50F8688 | |
| TANP3: .long 0xBEF2BAA5,0xA8924F04 | |
| TANQ3: .long 0xBF346F59,0xB39BA65F,0x00000000,0x00000000 | |
| TANP2: .long 0x3FF60000,0xE073D3FC,0x199C4A00,0x00000000 | |
| TANQ2: .long 0x3FF90000,0xD23CD684,0x15D95FA1,0x00000000 | |
| TANP1: .long 0xBFFC0000,0x8895A6C5,0xFB423BCA,0x00000000 | |
| TANQ1: .long 0xBFFD0000,0xEEF57E0D,0xA84BC8CE,0x00000000 | |
| INVTWOPI: .long 0x3FFC0000,0xA2F9836E,0x4E44152A,0x00000000 | |
| TWOPI1: .long 0x40010000,0xC90FDAA2,0x00000000,0x00000000 | |
| TWOPI2: .long 0x3FDF0000,0x85A308D4,0x00000000,0x00000000 | |
| |--N*PI/2, -32 <= N <= 32, IN A LEADING TERM IN EXT. AND TRAILING | |
| |--TERM IN SGL. NOTE THAT PI IS 64-BIT LONG, THUS N*PI/2 IS AT | |
| |--MOST 69 BITS LONG. | |
| .global PITBL | |
| PITBL: | |
| .long 0xC0040000,0xC90FDAA2,0x2168C235,0x21800000 | |
| .long 0xC0040000,0xC2C75BCD,0x105D7C23,0xA0D00000 | |
| .long 0xC0040000,0xBC7EDCF7,0xFF523611,0xA1E80000 | |
| .long 0xC0040000,0xB6365E22,0xEE46F000,0x21480000 | |
| .long 0xC0040000,0xAFEDDF4D,0xDD3BA9EE,0xA1200000 | |
| .long 0xC0040000,0xA9A56078,0xCC3063DD,0x21FC0000 | |
| .long 0xC0040000,0xA35CE1A3,0xBB251DCB,0x21100000 | |
| .long 0xC0040000,0x9D1462CE,0xAA19D7B9,0xA1580000 | |
| .long 0xC0040000,0x96CBE3F9,0x990E91A8,0x21E00000 | |
| .long 0xC0040000,0x90836524,0x88034B96,0x20B00000 | |
| .long 0xC0040000,0x8A3AE64F,0x76F80584,0xA1880000 | |
| .long 0xC0040000,0x83F2677A,0x65ECBF73,0x21C40000 | |
| .long 0xC0030000,0xFB53D14A,0xA9C2F2C2,0x20000000 | |
| .long 0xC0030000,0xEEC2D3A0,0x87AC669F,0x21380000 | |
| .long 0xC0030000,0xE231D5F6,0x6595DA7B,0xA1300000 | |
| .long 0xC0030000,0xD5A0D84C,0x437F4E58,0x9FC00000 | |
| .long 0xC0030000,0xC90FDAA2,0x2168C235,0x21000000 | |
| .long 0xC0030000,0xBC7EDCF7,0xFF523611,0xA1680000 | |
| .long 0xC0030000,0xAFEDDF4D,0xDD3BA9EE,0xA0A00000 | |
| .long 0xC0030000,0xA35CE1A3,0xBB251DCB,0x20900000 | |
| .long 0xC0030000,0x96CBE3F9,0x990E91A8,0x21600000 | |
| .long 0xC0030000,0x8A3AE64F,0x76F80584,0xA1080000 | |
| .long 0xC0020000,0xFB53D14A,0xA9C2F2C2,0x1F800000 | |
| .long 0xC0020000,0xE231D5F6,0x6595DA7B,0xA0B00000 | |
| .long 0xC0020000,0xC90FDAA2,0x2168C235,0x20800000 | |
| .long 0xC0020000,0xAFEDDF4D,0xDD3BA9EE,0xA0200000 | |
| .long 0xC0020000,0x96CBE3F9,0x990E91A8,0x20E00000 | |
| .long 0xC0010000,0xFB53D14A,0xA9C2F2C2,0x1F000000 | |
| .long 0xC0010000,0xC90FDAA2,0x2168C235,0x20000000 | |
| .long 0xC0010000,0x96CBE3F9,0x990E91A8,0x20600000 | |
| .long 0xC0000000,0xC90FDAA2,0x2168C235,0x1F800000 | |
| .long 0xBFFF0000,0xC90FDAA2,0x2168C235,0x1F000000 | |
| .long 0x00000000,0x00000000,0x00000000,0x00000000 | |
| .long 0x3FFF0000,0xC90FDAA2,0x2168C235,0x9F000000 | |
| .long 0x40000000,0xC90FDAA2,0x2168C235,0x9F800000 | |
| .long 0x40010000,0x96CBE3F9,0x990E91A8,0xA0600000 | |
| .long 0x40010000,0xC90FDAA2,0x2168C235,0xA0000000 | |
| .long 0x40010000,0xFB53D14A,0xA9C2F2C2,0x9F000000 | |
| .long 0x40020000,0x96CBE3F9,0x990E91A8,0xA0E00000 | |
| .long 0x40020000,0xAFEDDF4D,0xDD3BA9EE,0x20200000 | |
| .long 0x40020000,0xC90FDAA2,0x2168C235,0xA0800000 | |
| .long 0x40020000,0xE231D5F6,0x6595DA7B,0x20B00000 | |
| .long 0x40020000,0xFB53D14A,0xA9C2F2C2,0x9F800000 | |
| .long 0x40030000,0x8A3AE64F,0x76F80584,0x21080000 | |
| .long 0x40030000,0x96CBE3F9,0x990E91A8,0xA1600000 | |
| .long 0x40030000,0xA35CE1A3,0xBB251DCB,0xA0900000 | |
| .long 0x40030000,0xAFEDDF4D,0xDD3BA9EE,0x20A00000 | |
| .long 0x40030000,0xBC7EDCF7,0xFF523611,0x21680000 | |
| .long 0x40030000,0xC90FDAA2,0x2168C235,0xA1000000 | |
| .long 0x40030000,0xD5A0D84C,0x437F4E58,0x1FC00000 | |
| .long 0x40030000,0xE231D5F6,0x6595DA7B,0x21300000 | |
| .long 0x40030000,0xEEC2D3A0,0x87AC669F,0xA1380000 | |
| .long 0x40030000,0xFB53D14A,0xA9C2F2C2,0xA0000000 | |
| .long 0x40040000,0x83F2677A,0x65ECBF73,0xA1C40000 | |
| .long 0x40040000,0x8A3AE64F,0x76F80584,0x21880000 | |
| .long 0x40040000,0x90836524,0x88034B96,0xA0B00000 | |
| .long 0x40040000,0x96CBE3F9,0x990E91A8,0xA1E00000 | |
| .long 0x40040000,0x9D1462CE,0xAA19D7B9,0x21580000 | |
| .long 0x40040000,0xA35CE1A3,0xBB251DCB,0xA1100000 | |
| .long 0x40040000,0xA9A56078,0xCC3063DD,0xA1FC0000 | |
| .long 0x40040000,0xAFEDDF4D,0xDD3BA9EE,0x21200000 | |
| .long 0x40040000,0xB6365E22,0xEE46F000,0xA1480000 | |
| .long 0x40040000,0xBC7EDCF7,0xFF523611,0x21E80000 | |
| .long 0x40040000,0xC2C75BCD,0x105D7C23,0x20D00000 | |
| .long 0x40040000,0xC90FDAA2,0x2168C235,0xA1800000 | |
| .set INARG,FP_SCR4 | |
| .set TWOTO63,L_SCR1 | |
| .set ENDFLAG,L_SCR2 | |
| .set N,L_SCR3 | |
| | xref t_frcinx | |
| |xref t_extdnrm | |
| .global stand | |
| stand: | |
| |--TAN(X) = X FOR DENORMALIZED X | |
| bra t_extdnrm | |
| .global stan | |
| stan: | |
| fmovex (%a0),%fp0 | ...LOAD INPUT | |
| movel (%a0),%d0 | |
| movew 4(%a0),%d0 | |
| andil #0x7FFFFFFF,%d0 | |
| cmpil #0x3FD78000,%d0 | ...|X| >= 2**(-40)? | |
| bges TANOK1 | |
| bra TANSM | |
| TANOK1: | |
| cmpil #0x4004BC7E,%d0 | ...|X| < 15 PI? | |
| blts TANMAIN | |
| bra REDUCEX | |
| TANMAIN: | |
| |--THIS IS THE USUAL CASE, |X| <= 15 PI. | |
| |--THE ARGUMENT REDUCTION IS DONE BY TABLE LOOK UP. | |
| fmovex %fp0,%fp1 | |
| fmuld TWOBYPI,%fp1 | ...X*2/PI | |
| |--HIDE THE NEXT TWO INSTRUCTIONS | |
| leal PITBL+0x200,%a1 | ...TABLE OF N*PI/2, N = -32,...,32 | |
| |--FP1 IS NOW READY | |
| fmovel %fp1,%d0 | ...CONVERT TO INTEGER | |
| asll #4,%d0 | |
| addal %d0,%a1 | ...ADDRESS N*PIBY2 IN Y1, Y2 | |
| fsubx (%a1)+,%fp0 | ...X-Y1 | |
| |--HIDE THE NEXT ONE | |
| fsubs (%a1),%fp0 | ...FP0 IS R = (X-Y1)-Y2 | |
| rorl #5,%d0 | |
| andil #0x80000000,%d0 | ...D0 WAS ODD IFF D0 < 0 | |
| TANCONT: | |
| cmpil #0,%d0 | |
| blt NODD | |
| fmovex %fp0,%fp1 | |
| fmulx %fp1,%fp1 | ...S = R*R | |
| fmoved TANQ4,%fp3 | |
| fmoved TANP3,%fp2 | |
| fmulx %fp1,%fp3 | ...SQ4 | |
| fmulx %fp1,%fp2 | ...SP3 | |
| faddd TANQ3,%fp3 | ...Q3+SQ4 | |
| faddx TANP2,%fp2 | ...P2+SP3 | |
| fmulx %fp1,%fp3 | ...S(Q3+SQ4) | |
| fmulx %fp1,%fp2 | ...S(P2+SP3) | |
| faddx TANQ2,%fp3 | ...Q2+S(Q3+SQ4) | |
| faddx TANP1,%fp2 | ...P1+S(P2+SP3) | |
| fmulx %fp1,%fp3 | ...S(Q2+S(Q3+SQ4)) | |
| fmulx %fp1,%fp2 | ...S(P1+S(P2+SP3)) | |
| faddx TANQ1,%fp3 | ...Q1+S(Q2+S(Q3+SQ4)) | |
| fmulx %fp0,%fp2 | ...RS(P1+S(P2+SP3)) | |
| fmulx %fp3,%fp1 | ...S(Q1+S(Q2+S(Q3+SQ4))) | |
| faddx %fp2,%fp0 | ...R+RS(P1+S(P2+SP3)) | |
| fadds #0x3F800000,%fp1 | ...1+S(Q1+...) | |
| fmovel %d1,%fpcr |restore users exceptions | |
| fdivx %fp1,%fp0 |last inst - possible exception set | |
| bra t_frcinx | |
| NODD: | |
| fmovex %fp0,%fp1 | |
| fmulx %fp0,%fp0 | ...S = R*R | |
| fmoved TANQ4,%fp3 | |
| fmoved TANP3,%fp2 | |
| fmulx %fp0,%fp3 | ...SQ4 | |
| fmulx %fp0,%fp2 | ...SP3 | |
| faddd TANQ3,%fp3 | ...Q3+SQ4 | |
| faddx TANP2,%fp2 | ...P2+SP3 | |
| fmulx %fp0,%fp3 | ...S(Q3+SQ4) | |
| fmulx %fp0,%fp2 | ...S(P2+SP3) | |
| faddx TANQ2,%fp3 | ...Q2+S(Q3+SQ4) | |
| faddx TANP1,%fp2 | ...P1+S(P2+SP3) | |
| fmulx %fp0,%fp3 | ...S(Q2+S(Q3+SQ4)) | |
| fmulx %fp0,%fp2 | ...S(P1+S(P2+SP3)) | |
| faddx TANQ1,%fp3 | ...Q1+S(Q2+S(Q3+SQ4)) | |
| fmulx %fp1,%fp2 | ...RS(P1+S(P2+SP3)) | |
| fmulx %fp3,%fp0 | ...S(Q1+S(Q2+S(Q3+SQ4))) | |
| faddx %fp2,%fp1 | ...R+RS(P1+S(P2+SP3)) | |
| fadds #0x3F800000,%fp0 | ...1+S(Q1+...) | |
| fmovex %fp1,-(%sp) | |
| eoril #0x80000000,(%sp) | |
| fmovel %d1,%fpcr |restore users exceptions | |
| fdivx (%sp)+,%fp0 |last inst - possible exception set | |
| bra t_frcinx | |
| TANBORS: | |
| |--IF |X| > 15PI, WE USE THE GENERAL ARGUMENT REDUCTION. | |
| |--IF |X| < 2**(-40), RETURN X OR 1. | |
| cmpil #0x3FFF8000,%d0 | |
| bgts REDUCEX | |
| TANSM: | |
| fmovex %fp0,-(%sp) | |
| fmovel %d1,%fpcr |restore users exceptions | |
| fmovex (%sp)+,%fp0 |last inst - possible exception set | |
| bra t_frcinx | |
| REDUCEX: | |
| |--WHEN REDUCEX IS USED, THE CODE WILL INEVITABLY BE SLOW. | |
| |--THIS REDUCTION METHOD, HOWEVER, IS MUCH FASTER THAN USING | |
| |--THE REMAINDER INSTRUCTION WHICH IS NOW IN SOFTWARE. | |
| fmovemx %fp2-%fp5,-(%a7) | ...save FP2 through FP5 | |
| movel %d2,-(%a7) | |
| fmoves #0x00000000,%fp1 | |
| |--If compact form of abs(arg) in d0=$7ffeffff, argument is so large that | |
| |--there is a danger of unwanted overflow in first LOOP iteration. In this | |
| |--case, reduce argument by one remainder step to make subsequent reduction | |
| |--safe. | |
| cmpil #0x7ffeffff,%d0 |is argument dangerously large? | |
| bnes LOOP | |
| movel #0x7ffe0000,FP_SCR2(%a6) |yes | |
| | ;create 2**16383*PI/2 | |
| movel #0xc90fdaa2,FP_SCR2+4(%a6) | |
| clrl FP_SCR2+8(%a6) | |
| ftstx %fp0 |test sign of argument | |
| movel #0x7fdc0000,FP_SCR3(%a6) |create low half of 2**16383* | |
| | ;PI/2 at FP_SCR3 | |
| movel #0x85a308d3,FP_SCR3+4(%a6) | |
| clrl FP_SCR3+8(%a6) | |
| fblt red_neg | |
| orw #0x8000,FP_SCR2(%a6) |positive arg | |
| orw #0x8000,FP_SCR3(%a6) | |
| red_neg: | |
| faddx FP_SCR2(%a6),%fp0 |high part of reduction is exact | |
| fmovex %fp0,%fp1 |save high result in fp1 | |
| faddx FP_SCR3(%a6),%fp0 |low part of reduction | |
| fsubx %fp0,%fp1 |determine low component of result | |
| faddx FP_SCR3(%a6),%fp1 |fp0/fp1 are reduced argument. | |
| |--ON ENTRY, FP0 IS X, ON RETURN, FP0 IS X REM PI/2, |X| <= PI/4. | |
| |--integer quotient will be stored in N | |
| |--Intermediate remainder is 66-bit long; (R,r) in (FP0,FP1) | |
| LOOP: | |
| fmovex %fp0,INARG(%a6) | ...+-2**K * F, 1 <= F < 2 | |
| movew INARG(%a6),%d0 | |
| movel %d0,%a1 | ...save a copy of D0 | |
| andil #0x00007FFF,%d0 | |
| subil #0x00003FFF,%d0 | ...D0 IS K | |
| cmpil #28,%d0 | |
| bles LASTLOOP | |
| CONTLOOP: | |
| subil #27,%d0 | ...D0 IS L := K-27 | |
| movel #0,ENDFLAG(%a6) | |
| bras WORK | |
| LASTLOOP: | |
| clrl %d0 | ...D0 IS L := 0 | |
| movel #1,ENDFLAG(%a6) | |
| WORK: | |
| |--FIND THE REMAINDER OF (R,r) W.R.T. 2**L * (PI/2). L IS SO CHOSEN | |
| |--THAT INT( X * (2/PI) / 2**(L) ) < 2**29. | |
| |--CREATE 2**(-L) * (2/PI), SIGN(INARG)*2**(63), | |
| |--2**L * (PIby2_1), 2**L * (PIby2_2) | |
| movel #0x00003FFE,%d2 | ...BIASED EXPO OF 2/PI | |
| subl %d0,%d2 | ...BIASED EXPO OF 2**(-L)*(2/PI) | |
| movel #0xA2F9836E,FP_SCR1+4(%a6) | |
| movel #0x4E44152A,FP_SCR1+8(%a6) | |
| movew %d2,FP_SCR1(%a6) | ...FP_SCR1 is 2**(-L)*(2/PI) | |
| fmovex %fp0,%fp2 | |
| fmulx FP_SCR1(%a6),%fp2 | |
| |--WE MUST NOW FIND INT(FP2). SINCE WE NEED THIS VALUE IN | |
| |--FLOATING POINT FORMAT, THE TWO FMOVE'S FMOVE.L FP <--> N | |
| |--WILL BE TOO INEFFICIENT. THE WAY AROUND IT IS THAT | |
| |--(SIGN(INARG)*2**63 + FP2) - SIGN(INARG)*2**63 WILL GIVE | |
| |--US THE DESIRED VALUE IN FLOATING POINT. | |
| |--HIDE SIX CYCLES OF INSTRUCTION | |
| movel %a1,%d2 | |
| swap %d2 | |
| andil #0x80000000,%d2 | |
| oril #0x5F000000,%d2 | ...D2 IS SIGN(INARG)*2**63 IN SGL | |
| movel %d2,TWOTO63(%a6) | |
| movel %d0,%d2 | |
| addil #0x00003FFF,%d2 | ...BIASED EXPO OF 2**L * (PI/2) | |
| |--FP2 IS READY | |
| fadds TWOTO63(%a6),%fp2 | ...THE FRACTIONAL PART OF FP1 IS ROUNDED | |
| |--HIDE 4 CYCLES OF INSTRUCTION; creating 2**(L)*Piby2_1 and 2**(L)*Piby2_2 | |
| movew %d2,FP_SCR2(%a6) | |
| clrw FP_SCR2+2(%a6) | |
| movel #0xC90FDAA2,FP_SCR2+4(%a6) | |
| clrl FP_SCR2+8(%a6) | ...FP_SCR2 is 2**(L) * Piby2_1 | |
| |--FP2 IS READY | |
| fsubs TWOTO63(%a6),%fp2 | ...FP2 is N | |
| addil #0x00003FDD,%d0 | |
| movew %d0,FP_SCR3(%a6) | |
| clrw FP_SCR3+2(%a6) | |
| movel #0x85A308D3,FP_SCR3+4(%a6) | |
| clrl FP_SCR3+8(%a6) | ...FP_SCR3 is 2**(L) * Piby2_2 | |
| movel ENDFLAG(%a6),%d0 | |
| |--We are now ready to perform (R+r) - N*P1 - N*P2, P1 = 2**(L) * Piby2_1 and | |
| |--P2 = 2**(L) * Piby2_2 | |
| fmovex %fp2,%fp4 | |
| fmulx FP_SCR2(%a6),%fp4 | ...W = N*P1 | |
| fmovex %fp2,%fp5 | |
| fmulx FP_SCR3(%a6),%fp5 | ...w = N*P2 | |
| fmovex %fp4,%fp3 | |
| |--we want P+p = W+w but |p| <= half ulp of P | |
| |--Then, we need to compute A := R-P and a := r-p | |
| faddx %fp5,%fp3 | ...FP3 is P | |
| fsubx %fp3,%fp4 | ...W-P | |
| fsubx %fp3,%fp0 | ...FP0 is A := R - P | |
| faddx %fp5,%fp4 | ...FP4 is p = (W-P)+w | |
| fmovex %fp0,%fp3 | ...FP3 A | |
| fsubx %fp4,%fp1 | ...FP1 is a := r - p | |
| |--Now we need to normalize (A,a) to "new (R,r)" where R+r = A+a but | |
| |--|r| <= half ulp of R. | |
| faddx %fp1,%fp0 | ...FP0 is R := A+a | |
| |--No need to calculate r if this is the last loop | |
| cmpil #0,%d0 | |
| bgt RESTORE | |
| |--Need to calculate r | |
| fsubx %fp0,%fp3 | ...A-R | |
| faddx %fp3,%fp1 | ...FP1 is r := (A-R)+a | |
| bra LOOP | |
| RESTORE: | |
| fmovel %fp2,N(%a6) | |
| movel (%a7)+,%d2 | |
| fmovemx (%a7)+,%fp2-%fp5 | |
| movel N(%a6),%d0 | |
| rorl #1,%d0 | |
| bra TANCONT | |
| |end |