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# Copyright (c) 2016-2017, 2020, 2022 Arm Limited
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#
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# property including but not limited to intellectual property relating
# to a hardware implementation of the functionality of the software
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# terms below provided that you ensure that this notice is replicated
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# this software without specific prior written permission.
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"""This script is the full system example script from the ARM
Research Starter Kit on System Modeling. More information can be found
at: http://www.arm.com/ResearchEnablement/SystemModeling
"""
import os
import m5
from m5.util import addToPath
from m5.objects import *
from m5.options import *
import argparse
m5.util.addToPath("../..")
from common import SysPaths
from common import ObjectList
from common import MemConfig
from common.cores.arm import O3_ARM_v7a, HPI
import devices
default_kernel = "vmlinux.arm64"
default_disk = "linaro-minimal-aarch64.img"
default_root_device = "/dev/vda1"
# Pre-defined CPU configurations. Each tuple must be ordered as : (cpu_class,
# l1_icache_class, l1_dcache_class, l2_Cache_class). Any of
# the cache class may be 'None' if the particular cache is not present.
cpu_types = {
"atomic": (AtomicSimpleCPU, None, None, None),
"minor": (MinorCPU, devices.L1I, devices.L1D, devices.L2),
"hpi": (HPI.HPI, HPI.HPI_ICache, HPI.HPI_DCache, HPI.HPI_L2),
"o3": (
O3_ARM_v7a.O3_ARM_v7a_3,
O3_ARM_v7a.O3_ARM_v7a_ICache,
O3_ARM_v7a.O3_ARM_v7a_DCache,
O3_ARM_v7a.O3_ARM_v7aL2,
),
}
def create_cow_image(name):
"""Helper function to create a Copy-on-Write disk image"""
image = CowDiskImage()
image.child.image_file = SysPaths.disk(name)
return image
def create(args):
"""Create and configure the system object."""
if args.script and not os.path.isfile(args.script):
print(f"Error: Bootscript {args.script} does not exist")
sys.exit(1)
cpu_class = cpu_types[args.cpu][0]
mem_mode = cpu_class.memory_mode()
# Only simulate caches when using a timing CPU (e.g., the HPI model)
want_caches = True if mem_mode == "timing" else False
system = devices.SimpleSystem(
want_caches,
args.mem_size,
mem_mode=mem_mode,
workload=ArmFsLinux(object_file=SysPaths.binary(args.kernel)),
readfile=args.script,
)
MemConfig.config_mem(args, system)
# Add the PCI devices we need for this system. The base system
# doesn't have any PCI devices by default since they are assumed
# to be added by the configuration scripts needing them.
system.pci_devices = [
# Create a VirtIO block device for the system's boot
# disk. Attach the disk image using gem5's Copy-on-Write
# functionality to avoid writing changes to the stored copy of
# the disk image.
PciVirtIO(vio=VirtIOBlock(image=create_cow_image(args.disk_image)))
]
# Attach the PCI devices to the system. The helper method in the
# system assigns a unique PCI bus ID to each of the devices and
# connects them to the IO bus.
for dev in system.pci_devices:
system.attach_pci(dev)
# Wire up the system's memory system
system.connect()
# Add CPU clusters to the system
system.cpu_cluster = [
devices.ArmCpuCluster(
system,
args.num_cores,
args.cpu_freq,
"1.0V",
*cpu_types[args.cpu],
tarmac_gen=args.tarmac_gen,
tarmac_dest=args.tarmac_dest,
)
]
# Create a cache hierarchy for the cluster. We are assuming that
# clusters have core-private L1 caches and an L2 that's shared
# within the cluster.
system.addCaches(want_caches, last_cache_level=2)
# Setup gem5's minimal Linux boot loader.
system.realview.setupBootLoader(system, SysPaths.binary)
if args.dtb:
system.workload.dtb_filename = args.dtb
else:
# No DTB specified: autogenerate DTB
system.workload.dtb_filename = os.path.join(
m5.options.outdir, "system.dtb"
)
system.generateDtb(system.workload.dtb_filename)
if args.initrd:
system.workload.initrd_filename = args.initrd
# Linux boot command flags
kernel_cmd = [
# Tell Linux to use the simulated serial port as a console
"console=ttyAMA0",
# Hard-code timi
"lpj=19988480",
# Disable address space randomisation to get a consistent
# memory layout.
"norandmaps",
# Tell Linux where to find the root disk image.
f"root={args.root_device}",
# Mount the root disk read-write by default.
"rw",
# Tell Linux about the amount of physical memory present.
f"mem={args.mem_size}",
]
system.workload.command_line = " ".join(kernel_cmd)
if args.with_pmu:
for cluster in system.cpu_cluster:
interrupt_numbers = [args.pmu_ppi_number] * len(cluster)
cluster.addPMUs(interrupt_numbers)
return system
def run(args):
cptdir = m5.options.outdir
if args.checkpoint:
print(f"Checkpoint directory: {cptdir}")
while True:
event = m5.simulate()
exit_msg = event.getCause()
if exit_msg == "checkpoint":
print("Dropping checkpoint at tick %d" % m5.curTick())
cpt_dir = os.path.join(m5.options.outdir, "cpt.%d" % m5.curTick())
m5.checkpoint(os.path.join(cpt_dir))
print("Checkpoint done.")
else:
print(f"{exit_msg} ({event.getCode()}) @ {m5.curTick()}")
break
def arm_ppi_arg(int_num: int) -> int:
"""Argparse argument parser for valid Arm PPI numbers."""
# PPIs (1056 <= int_num <= 1119) are not yet supported by gem5
int_num = int(int_num)
if 16 <= int_num <= 31:
return int_num
raise ValueError(f"{int_num} is not a valid Arm PPI number")
def main():
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(epilog=__doc__)
parser.add_argument(
"--dtb", type=str, default=None, help="DTB file to load"
)
parser.add_argument(
"--kernel", type=str, default=default_kernel, help="Linux kernel"
)
parser.add_argument(
"--initrd",
type=str,
default=None,
help="initrd/initramfs file to load",
)
parser.add_argument(
"--disk-image",
type=str,
default=default_disk,
help="Disk to instantiate",
)
parser.add_argument(
"--root-device",
type=str,
default=default_root_device,
help=f"OS device name for root partition (default: {default_root_device})",
)
parser.add_argument(
"--script", type=str, default="", help="Linux bootscript"
)
parser.add_argument(
"--cpu",
type=str,
choices=list(cpu_types.keys()),
default="atomic",
help="CPU model to use",
)
parser.add_argument("--cpu-freq", type=str, default="4GHz")
parser.add_argument(
"--num-cores", type=int, default=1, help="Number of CPU cores"
)
parser.add_argument(
"--mem-type",
default="DDR3_1600_8x8",
choices=ObjectList.mem_list.get_names(),
help="type of memory to use",
)
parser.add_argument(
"--mem-channels", type=int, default=1, help="number of memory channels"
)
parser.add_argument(
"--mem-ranks",
type=int,
default=None,
help="number of memory ranks per channel",
)
parser.add_argument(
"--mem-size",
action="store",
type=str,
default="2GB",
help="Specify the physical memory size",
)
parser.add_argument(
"--tarmac-gen",
action="store_true",
help="Write a Tarmac trace.",
)
parser.add_argument(
"--tarmac-dest",
choices=TarmacDump.vals,
default="stdoutput",
help="Destination for the Tarmac trace output. [Default: stdoutput]",
)
parser.add_argument(
"--with-pmu",
action="store_true",
help="Add a PMU to each core in the cluster.",
)
parser.add_argument(
"--pmu-ppi-number",
type=arm_ppi_arg,
default=23,
help="The number of the PPI to use to connect each PMU to its core. "
"Must be an integer and a valid PPI number (16 <= int_num <= 31).",
)
parser.add_argument("--checkpoint", action="store_true")
parser.add_argument("--restore", type=str, default=None)
args = parser.parse_args()
root = Root(full_system=True)
root.system = create(args)
if args.restore is not None:
m5.instantiate(args.restore)
else:
m5.instantiate()
run(args)
if __name__ == "__m5_main__":
main()