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/*
* Copyright (c) 2010-2013, 2015, 2021 ARM Limited
* All rights reserved
*
* The license below extends only to copyright in the software and shall
* not be construed as granting a license to any other intellectual
* property including but not limited to intellectual property relating
* to a hardware implementation of the functionality of the software
* licensed hereunder. You may use the software subject to the license
* terms below provided that you ensure that this notice is replicated
* unmodified and in its entirety in all distributions of the software,
* modified or unmodified, in source code or in binary form.
*
* Copyright (c) 2001-2005 The Regents of The University of Michigan
* All rights reserved.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
* met: redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer;
* redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
* documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution;
* neither the name of the copyright holders nor the names of its
* contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
* this software without specific prior written permission.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
* "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
* LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
* A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
* OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
* SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
* LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
* DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
* THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
* (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
* OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*/
#include "mem/cfi_mem.hh"
#include <cmath>
#include "base/intmath.hh"
#include "base/random.hh"
#include "base/trace.hh"
#include "debug/CFI.hh"
#include "debug/Drain.hh"
namespace gem5
{
namespace memory
{
bool
CfiMemory::BlockData::isLocked(Addr block_address) const
{
return locked[blockIdx(block_address)];
}
void
CfiMemory::BlockData::lock(Addr block_address)
{
locked[blockIdx(block_address)] = true;
}
void
CfiMemory::BlockData::unlock(Addr block_address)
{
locked[blockIdx(block_address)] = false;
}
void
CfiMemory::BlockData::serialize(CheckpointOut &cp) const
{
SERIALIZE_CONTAINER(locked);
}
void
CfiMemory::BlockData::unserialize(CheckpointIn &cp)
{
UNSERIALIZE_CONTAINER(locked);
}
uint32_t
CfiMemory::BlockData::blockIdx(Addr block_address) const
{
return block_address / blockSize;
}
void
CfiMemory::ProgramBuffer::setup(ssize_t buffer_size)
{
/** Clipping the size to its limit */
if (buffer_size > MAX_BUFFER_SIZE) {
buffer_size = MAX_BUFFER_SIZE;
}
buffer.resize(buffer_size);
std::fill(buffer.begin(), buffer.end(), 0);
bytesWritten = 0;
}
bool
CfiMemory::ProgramBuffer::write(Addr flash_address,
void *data_ptr, ssize_t size)
{
if (bytesWritten >= buffer.size())
return true;
if (bytesWritten == 0) {
blockPointer = flash_address;
}
const Addr offset = flash_address - blockPointer;
if (flash_address < blockPointer || offset >= MAX_BUFFER_SIZE)
return true;
std::memcpy(buffer.data() + offset, data_ptr, size);
bytesWritten += size;
return false;
}
bool
CfiMemory::ProgramBuffer::writeback()
{
if (parent.blocks.isLocked(blockPointer)) {
return false;
} else {
std::memcpy(parent.toHostAddr(parent.start() + blockPointer),
buffer.data(), bytesWritten);
return true;
}
}
void
CfiMemory::ProgramBuffer::serialize(CheckpointOut &cp) const
{
SERIALIZE_CONTAINER(buffer);
SERIALIZE_SCALAR(bytesWritten);
SERIALIZE_SCALAR(blockPointer);
}
void
CfiMemory::ProgramBuffer::unserialize(CheckpointIn &cp)
{
UNSERIALIZE_CONTAINER(buffer);
UNSERIALIZE_SCALAR(bytesWritten);
UNSERIALIZE_SCALAR(blockPointer);
}
CfiMemory::CfiMemory(const CfiMemoryParams &p)
: AbstractMemory(p),
port(name() + ".port", *this), latency(p.latency),
latency_var(p.latency_var), bandwidth(p.bandwidth), isBusy(false),
retryReq(false), retryResp(false),
releaseEvent([this]{ release(); }, name()),
dequeueEvent([this]{ dequeue(); }, name()),
numberOfChips(2),
vendorID(p.vendor_id),
deviceID(p.device_id),
bankWidth(p.bank_width),
readState(CfiCommand::READ_ARRAY), writeState(CfiCommand::NO_CMD),
statusRegister(STATUS_READY),
blocks(*this, size() / p.blk_size, p.blk_size),
programBuffer(*this),
cfiQueryTable{
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
/* Query-unique ASCII string */
'Q', 'R', 'Y',
/* Primary Algorithm Command Set and Control = Intel/Sharp */
0x01, 0x00,
/* Address for Primary Algorithm extended Query */
0x31, 0x00,
/* Alternative Algorithm Command Set and Control Interface */
0x00, 0x00,
/* Address for Alternative Algorithm extended Query */
0x00, 0x00,
/* Vcc Minimum Program/Erase or Write voltage ([7:4].[3-0]V) */
0x45,
/* Vcc Maximum Program/Erase or Write voltage ([7:4].[3-0]V) */
0x55,
/* Vpp Minimum Program/Erase voltage (0 = No Vpp pin) */
0x00,
/* Vpp Minimum Program/Erase voltage (0 = No Vpp pin) */
0x00,
/* Typical timeout per single byte/word/D-word program: (2^N us) */
0x01,
/* Typical timeout for maximum-size multi-byte program: (2^N us) */
0x01,
/* Typical timeout per individual block erase: (2^N ms) */
0x01,
/* Typical timeout for full chip erase: (2^N ms) */
0x00,
/* Maximum timeout for byte/word/D-word program (2^N typical) */
0x00,
/* Maximum timeout for multi-byte program (2^N typical) */
0x00,
/* Maximum timeout per individual block erase (2^N typical) */
0x00,
/* Maximum timeout for chip erase (2^N typical) */
0x00,
/* Device Size in number of bytes (2^N) */
static_cast<uint8_t>(log2(size())),
/* Flash Device Interface Code description */
0x05, 0x00,
/* Maximum number of bytes in multi-byte program (2^N) */
static_cast<uint8_t>(bits(log2i(ProgramBuffer::MAX_BUFFER_SIZE), 7, 0)),
static_cast<uint8_t>(bits(log2i(ProgramBuffer::MAX_BUFFER_SIZE), 15, 8)),
/* Number of Erase Block Regions within device */
0x01,
/* Erase Block Region Information */
static_cast<uint8_t>(bits(blocks.number(), 7, 0)),
static_cast<uint8_t>(bits(blocks.number(), 15, 8)),
static_cast<uint8_t>(bits(blocks.size(), 7, 0)),
static_cast<uint8_t>(bits(blocks.size(), 15, 8)),
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,//empty Block region 2 info
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,//empty Block region 3 info
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00//empty Block region 4 info
}
{}
void
CfiMemory::init()
{
AbstractMemory::init();
// allow unconnected memories as this is used in several ruby
// systems at the moment
if (port.isConnected()) {
port.sendRangeChange();
}
}
Tick
CfiMemory::recvAtomic(PacketPtr pkt)
{
panic_if(pkt->cacheResponding(), "Should not see packets where cache "
"is responding");
cfiAccess(pkt);
return getLatency();
}
Tick
CfiMemory::recvAtomicBackdoor(PacketPtr pkt, MemBackdoorPtr &_backdoor)
{
Tick latency = recvAtomic(pkt);
if (backdoor.ptr())
_backdoor = &backdoor;
return latency;
}
void
CfiMemory::recvFunctional(PacketPtr pkt)
{
pkt->pushLabel(name());
functionalAccess(pkt);
bool done = false;
auto p = packetQueue.begin();
// potentially update the packets in our packet queue as well
while (!done && p != packetQueue.end()) {
done = pkt->trySatisfyFunctional(p->pkt);
++p;
}
pkt->popLabel();
}
void
CfiMemory::recvMemBackdoorReq(const MemBackdoorReq &req,
MemBackdoorPtr &_backdoor)
{
if (backdoor.ptr())
_backdoor = &backdoor;
}
bool
CfiMemory::recvTimingReq(PacketPtr pkt)
{
panic_if(pkt->cacheResponding(), "Should not see packets where cache "
"is responding");
panic_if(!(pkt->isRead() || pkt->isWrite()),
"Should only see read and writes at memory controller, "
"saw %s to %#llx\n", pkt->cmdString(), pkt->getAddr());
// we should not get a new request after committing to retry the
// current one, but unfortunately the CPU violates this rule, so
// simply ignore it for now
if (retryReq)
return false;
// if we are busy with a read or write, remember that we have to
// retry
if (isBusy) {
retryReq = true;
return false;
}
// technically the packet only reaches us after the header delay,
// and since this is a memory controller we also need to
// deserialise the payload before performing any write operation
Tick receive_delay = pkt->headerDelay + pkt->payloadDelay;
pkt->headerDelay = pkt->payloadDelay = 0;
// update the release time according to the bandwidth limit, and
// do so with respect to the time it takes to finish this request
// rather than long term as it is the short term data rate that is
// limited for any real memory
// calculate an appropriate tick to release to not exceed
// the bandwidth limit
Tick duration = pkt->getSize() * bandwidth;
// only consider ourselves busy if there is any need to wait
// to avoid extra events being scheduled for (infinitely) fast
// memories
if (duration != 0) {
schedule(releaseEvent, curTick() + duration);
isBusy = true;
}
// go ahead and deal with the packet and put the response in the
// queue if there is one
bool needs_response = pkt->needsResponse();
recvAtomic(pkt);
// turn packet around to go back to requester if response expected
if (needs_response) {
// recvAtomic() should already have turned packet into
// atomic response
assert(pkt->isResponse());
Tick when_to_send = curTick() + receive_delay + getLatency();
// typically this should be added at the end, so start the
// insertion sort with the last element, also make sure not to
// re-order in front of some existing packet with the same
// address, the latter is important as this memory effectively
// hands out exclusive copies (shared is not asserted)
auto i = packetQueue.end();
--i;
while (i != packetQueue.begin() && when_to_send < i->tick &&
!i->pkt->matchAddr(pkt)) {
--i;
}
// emplace inserts the element before the position pointed to by
// the iterator, so advance it one step
packetQueue.emplace(++i, pkt, when_to_send);
if (!retryResp && !dequeueEvent.scheduled())
schedule(dequeueEvent, packetQueue.back().tick);
} else {
pendingDelete.reset(pkt);
}
return true;
}
void
CfiMemory::release()
{
assert(isBusy);
isBusy = false;
if (retryReq) {
retryReq = false;
port.sendRetryReq();
}
}
void
CfiMemory::dequeue()
{
assert(!packetQueue.empty());
DeferredPacket deferred_pkt = packetQueue.front();
retryResp = !port.sendTimingResp(deferred_pkt.pkt);
if (!retryResp) {
packetQueue.pop_front();
// if the queue is not empty, schedule the next dequeue event,
// otherwise signal that we are drained if we were asked to do so
if (!packetQueue.empty()) {
// if there were packets that got in-between then we
// already have an event scheduled, so use re-schedule
reschedule(dequeueEvent,
std::max(packetQueue.front().tick, curTick()), true);
} else if (drainState() == DrainState::Draining) {
DPRINTF(Drain, "Draining of CfiMemory complete\n");
signalDrainDone();
}
}
}
Tick
CfiMemory::getLatency() const
{
return latency +
(latency_var ? random_mt.random<Tick>(0, latency_var) : 0);
}
void
CfiMemory::recvRespRetry()
{
assert(retryResp);
dequeue();
}
Port &
CfiMemory::getPort(const std::string &if_name, PortID idx)
{
if (if_name != "port") {
return AbstractMemory::getPort(if_name, idx);
} else {
return port;
}
}
DrainState
CfiMemory::drain()
{
if (!packetQueue.empty()) {
DPRINTF(Drain, "CfiMemory Queue has requests, waiting to drain\n");
return DrainState::Draining;
} else {
return DrainState::Drained;
}
}
void
CfiMemory::serialize(CheckpointOut &cp) const
{
SERIALIZE_ENUM(readState);
SERIALIZE_ENUM(writeState);
SERIALIZE_SCALAR(statusRegister);
SERIALIZE_OBJ(blocks);
SERIALIZE_OBJ(programBuffer);
}
void
CfiMemory::unserialize(CheckpointIn &cp)
{
UNSERIALIZE_ENUM(readState);
UNSERIALIZE_ENUM(writeState);
UNSERIALIZE_SCALAR(statusRegister);
UNSERIALIZE_OBJ(blocks);
UNSERIALIZE_OBJ(programBuffer);
}
CfiMemory::MemoryPort::MemoryPort(const std::string& _name,
CfiMemory& _memory)
: ResponsePort(_name), mem(_memory)
{ }
AddrRangeList
CfiMemory::MemoryPort::getAddrRanges() const
{
AddrRangeList ranges;
ranges.push_back(mem.getAddrRange());
return ranges;
}
Tick
CfiMemory::MemoryPort::recvAtomic(PacketPtr pkt)
{
return mem.recvAtomic(pkt);
}
Tick
CfiMemory::MemoryPort::recvAtomicBackdoor(
PacketPtr pkt, MemBackdoorPtr &_backdoor)
{
return mem.recvAtomicBackdoor(pkt, _backdoor);
}
void
CfiMemory::MemoryPort::recvFunctional(PacketPtr pkt)
{
mem.recvFunctional(pkt);
}
void
CfiMemory::MemoryPort::recvMemBackdoorReq(const MemBackdoorReq &req,
MemBackdoorPtr &_backdoor)
{
mem.recvMemBackdoorReq(req, _backdoor);
}
bool
CfiMemory::MemoryPort::recvTimingReq(PacketPtr pkt)
{
return mem.recvTimingReq(pkt);
}
void
CfiMemory::MemoryPort::recvRespRetry()
{
mem.recvRespRetry();
}
void
CfiMemory::cfiAccess(PacketPtr pkt)
{
if (pkt->isWrite()) {
write(pkt);
} else {
read(pkt);
}
}
void
CfiMemory::write(PacketPtr pkt)
{
DPRINTF(CFI, "write, address: %#x, val: %#x\n", pkt->getAddr(),
pkt->getUintX(ByteOrder::little));
const Addr flash_address = pkt->getAddr() - start();
const uint16_t value = pkt->getUintX(ByteOrder::little) & 0xffff;
const auto new_cmd = static_cast<CfiCommand>(value & 0xff);
switch (writeState) {
case CfiCommand::NO_CMD:
handleCommand(new_cmd);
break;
case CfiCommand::ERASE_BLOCK_SETUP:
if (new_cmd == CfiCommand::BLOCK_ERASE_CONFIRM) {
// Erasing the block
// Check if block is locked
if (blocks.isLocked(flash_address)) {
statusRegister |= STATUS_LOCK_ERROR;
} else {
blocks.erase(pkt);
}
} else {
statusRegister |= STATUS_ERASE_ERROR;
}
writeState = CfiCommand::NO_CMD;
readState = CfiCommand::READ_STATUS_REG;
break;
case CfiCommand::LOCK_BLOCK_SETUP:
if (new_cmd == CfiCommand::LOCK_BLOCK) {
// Lock the addressed block
blocks.lock(flash_address);
readState = CfiCommand::READ_STATUS_REG;
} else if (new_cmd == CfiCommand::UNLOCK_BLOCK) {
// Unlock the addressed block
blocks.unlock(flash_address);
readState = CfiCommand::READ_STATUS_REG;
} else {
statusRegister |= STATUS_ERASE_ERROR;
}
writeState = CfiCommand::NO_CMD;
break;
case CfiCommand::WORD_PROGRAM:
readState = CfiCommand::READ_STATUS_REG;
writeState = CfiCommand::NO_CMD;
if (blocks.isLocked(flash_address)) {
statusRegister |= STATUS_LOCK_ERROR;
} else {
AbstractMemory::access(pkt);
return;
}
break;
case CfiCommand::BUFFERED_PROGRAM_SETUP: {
// Buffer size in bytes
auto buffer_size = (value + 1) * sizeof(uint32_t);
// Clearing the program buffer
programBuffer.setup(buffer_size);
readState = CfiCommand::READ_STATUS_REG;
writeState = CfiCommand::BUFFER_SIZE_READ;
break;
}
case CfiCommand::BUFFER_SIZE_READ: {
// Write to the buffer and check if a writeback is needed
// (if the buffer is full)
auto writeback = programBuffer.write(
flash_address, pkt->getPtr<void>(), pkt->getSize());
if (writeback) {
if (new_cmd == CfiCommand::BUFFERED_PROGRAM_CONFIRM) {
auto success = programBuffer.writeback();
if (!success)
statusRegister |= STATUS_LOCK_ERROR;
readState = CfiCommand::READ_STATUS_REG;
} else {
statusRegister |= STATUS_PROGRAM_LOCK_BIT;
}
writeState = CfiCommand::NO_CMD;
}
break;
}
default:
panic("Invalid Write State\n");
return;
}
pkt->makeResponse();
}
void
CfiMemory::read(PacketPtr pkt)
{
const Addr flash_address = pkt->getAddr() - start();
uint64_t value = 0;
switch (readState) {
case CfiCommand::READ_STATUS_REG:
value = statusRegister;
break;
case CfiCommand::READ_DEVICE_ID:
value = readDeviceID(flash_address);
break;
case CfiCommand::READ_CFI_QUERY:
value = cfiQuery(flash_address);
break;
case CfiCommand::READ_ARRAY:
AbstractMemory::access(pkt);
return;
default:
panic("Invalid Read State\n");
return;
}
if (numberOfChips == 2) {
value |= (value << 16);
}
pkt->setUintX(value, ByteOrder::little);
pkt->makeResponse();
DPRINTF(CFI, "read, address: %#x, val: %#x\n", pkt->getAddr(),
pkt->getUintX(ByteOrder::little));
}
uint64_t
CfiMemory::readDeviceID(Addr flash_address) const
{
switch ((flash_address & 0xff) / bankWidth) {
case 0x00: // vendor ID
return vendorID;
case 0x01: // device ID
return deviceID;
case 0x02: // lock bit
return blocks.isLocked(flash_address);
default:
// Unsupported entries
warn("Invalid Device Identifier code: %d\n", flash_address & 0xff);
return 0;
}
}
void
CfiMemory::handleCommand(CfiCommand new_cmd)
{
switch (new_cmd) {
case CfiCommand::READ_ARRAY:
DPRINTF(CFI, "CFI Command: Read Array\n");
readState = CfiCommand::READ_ARRAY;
break;
case CfiCommand::READ_DEVICE_ID:
DPRINTF(CFI, "CFI Command: Read Device Identifier\n");
readState = CfiCommand::READ_DEVICE_ID;
break;
case CfiCommand::READ_CFI_QUERY:
DPRINTF(CFI, "CFI Command: CFI Query\n");
readState = CfiCommand::READ_CFI_QUERY;
break;
case CfiCommand::READ_STATUS_REG:
DPRINTF(CFI, "CFI Command: Read Status Register\n");
readState = CfiCommand::READ_STATUS_REG;
break;
case CfiCommand::CLEAR_STATUS_REG:
DPRINTF(CFI, "CFI Command: Clear Status Register\n");
statusRegister = STATUS_READY;
break;
case CfiCommand::BUFFERED_PROGRAM_CONFIRM:
DPRINTF(CFI, "CFI Command: Buffered Program Confirm\n");
break;
case CfiCommand::ERASE_BLOCK_SETUP:
DPRINTF(CFI, "CFI Command: Erase Block Setup\n");
writeState = CfiCommand::ERASE_BLOCK_SETUP;
readState = CfiCommand::READ_STATUS_REG;
break;
case CfiCommand::LOCK_BLOCK_SETUP:
DPRINTF(CFI, "CFI Command: Lock Block Setup\n");
writeState = CfiCommand::LOCK_BLOCK_SETUP;
break;
case CfiCommand::WORD_PROGRAM:
DPRINTF(CFI, "CFI Command: Word Program\n");
writeState = CfiCommand::WORD_PROGRAM;
readState = CfiCommand::READ_STATUS_REG;
break;
case CfiCommand::BUFFERED_PROGRAM_SETUP:
DPRINTF(CFI, "CFI Command: Buffered Program Setup\n");
writeState = CfiCommand::BUFFERED_PROGRAM_SETUP;
readState = CfiCommand::READ_STATUS_REG;
break;
case CfiCommand::AMD_RESET:
//because of how u-boot works and reset the flash
//we have to ignore the AMD RESET explicitly
// (see the function __flash_cmd_reset in drivers/mtd/cfi_flash.c)
break;
default:
panic("Don't know what to do with %#x\n",
static_cast<uint16_t>(new_cmd));
}
}
uint64_t
CfiMemory::cfiQuery(Addr flash_address)
{
flash_address /= bankWidth;
panic_if(flash_address >= sizeof(cfiQueryTable),
"Acessing invalid entry in CFI query table (addr=%#x)",
flash_address);
return cfiQueryTable[flash_address];
}
void
CfiMemory::BlockData::erase(PacketPtr pkt)
{
auto host_address = parent.toHostAddr(pkt->getAddr());
std::memset(host_address, 0xff, blockSize);
}
} // namespace memory
} // namespace gem5